tw
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tuː/
- Conventional anglicization: tu
Etymology 1
From earlier tj.
Determiner
|
f sg proximal, later copular/vocative demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) this
- (Middle Egyptian) O (vocative reference)
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn, jtn |
*jpnj |
*jptnj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p |
tj, tw, jtw |
jpwj |
*jptwj |
jpw |
jptw |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 |
nhꜣy1 | ||||
|
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tw
| ||
tw |
There is also an alternative form that cannot stand alone as a pronoun: twy.
Pronoun
|
impersonal enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- (Middle Egyptian) used as the impersonal subject of an adverbial predicate or verb form; one, someone or something unspecified
- used as a substitute for noun phrases referring to the king [since the New Kingdom]
Usage notes
tw can be used as a subject without any introductory particle only with a verb in the periphrastic prospective (the pseudoverbal construction with r).
In the sense referring to the king, this pronoun is conventionally translated as capitalized “One”.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
Pronoun
|
m sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- Variant spelling of ṯw
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 54–55, 181.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
White Hmong
Etymology
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tu̯eiX (“tail”). Cognate with Iu Mien dueiv.
Pronunciation
Noun
tw
Categories:
- Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian lemmas
- Egyptian determiners
- Egyptian demonstrative determiners
- Old Egyptian
- Middle Egyptian
- Egyptian pronouns
- Egyptian impersonal pronouns
- Egyptian dependent pronouns
- Egyptian masculine pronouns
- Egyptian second person pronouns
- White Hmong terms inherited from Proto-Hmong-Mien
- White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmong-Mien
- White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation
- White Hmong lemmas
- White Hmong nouns