wꜥ
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Egyptian
[edit]10 | ||||
← 0 | 𓏺 1 |
2 → | 10 → | |
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Cardinal: wꜥ Ordinal: tpj, ḥꜣtj Adverbial: zp wꜥ Distributive: wꜥ wꜥ |
Etymology
[edit]Formed as if the perfective active participle of wꜥj (“to be(come) alone”), although possibly the verb may be derived from the numeral instead.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwiʕjVw/ → /ˈwiʕjVw/ → /ˈwiʕjə/ → /ˈweʕi/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /wɑː/
- Conventional anglicization: wa
Adjective
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Inflection
[edit]Declension of wꜥ (perfective active participle)
Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜥ
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wꜥ | wꜥ |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- wꜥj (“be alone”)
Numeral
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Usage notes
[edit]As the numeral wꜥ is in fact a specialized use of the adjective, see the adjective section above for alternative forms, inflection, etc.
Descendants
[edit]- Demotic: wꜥ
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉ (oue), (interrogative) ⲱ (ō), (interrogative) ⲟ (o)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁⲓ (ouai), (interrogative) ⲟⲩ (ou)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲓ (oueei), ⲟⲩⲉ (oue), ⲟⲩⲁⲓⲉⲓ (ouaiei), (interrogative) ⲟⲩⲛ (oun)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲓ (oueei), ⲟⲩⲉⲓ (ouei), ⲟⲩⲉⲉ (ouee), ⲟⲩⲉ (oue), (interrogative) ⲉⲩ (eu)
- Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉ (oue), ⲟⲩⲁⲓ (ouai), (interrogative) ⲟⲩ (ou)
- Coptic Dialect P: ⲟⲩⲓ̈ (ouï)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua), (interrogative) ⲟⲩ (ou)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- (reconstructed Late Egyptian) IPA(key): /wəʕ/
Determiner
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- (Late Egyptian) the singular indefinite article; a, an
Usage notes
[edit]As an indefinite article, wꜥ precedes its noun, initially in the construction wꜥ n(j) and later by itself. This is in contrast to its use as an adjective/numeral, where it follows the modified noun like all Egyptian adjectives.
Inflection
[edit]Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
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number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn, jtn |
*jpnj |
*jptnj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p |
tj, tw, jtw |
jpwj |
*jptwj |
jpw |
jptw |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
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Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 |
nhꜣy1 | ||||
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Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 102–104.
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, pages 53, 68
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN