بحر
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-West Semitic *baḥr- (“sea”), from the root ب ح ر (b-ḥ-r).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بَحْر • (baḥr) m (plural بِحَار (biḥār) or بُحُور (buḥūr) or أَبْحُر (ʔabḥur))
- verbal noun of بَحَرَ (baḥara) (form I)
- sea
- large river
- a noble or great man (possessed of a sea of knowledge, experience and wisdom)
- (poetry) poetic meter
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَحْر baḥr |
الْبَحْر al-baḥr |
بَحْر baḥr |
Nominative | بَحْرٌ baḥrun |
الْبَحْرُ al-baḥru |
بَحْرُ baḥru |
Accusative | بَحْرًا baḥran |
الْبَحْرَ al-baḥra |
بَحْرَ baḥra |
Genitive | بَحْرٍ baḥrin |
الْبَحْرِ al-baḥri |
بَحْرِ baḥri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بَحْرَيْن baḥrayn |
الْبَحْرَيْن al-baḥrayn |
بَحْرَيْ baḥray |
Nominative | بَحْرَانِ baḥrāni |
الْبَحْرَانِ al-baḥrāni |
بَحْرَا baḥrā |
Accusative | بَحْرَيْنِ baḥrayni |
الْبَحْرَيْنِ al-baḥrayni |
بَحْرَيْ baḥray |
Genitive | بَحْرَيْنِ baḥrayni |
الْبَحْرَيْنِ al-baḥrayni |
بَحْرَيْ baḥray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بِحَار; بُحُور; أَبْحُر biḥār; buḥūr; ʔabḥur |
الْبِحَار; الْبُحُور; الْأَبْحُر al-biḥār; al-buḥūr; al-ʔabḥur |
بِحَار; بُحُور; أَبْحُر biḥār; buḥūr; ʔabḥur |
Nominative | بِحَارٌ; بُحُورٌ; أَبْحُرٌ biḥārun; buḥūrun; ʔabḥurun |
الْبِحَارُ; الْبُحُورُ; الْأَبْحُرُ al-biḥāru; al-buḥūru; al-ʔabḥuru |
بِحَارُ; بُحُورُ; أَبْحُرُ biḥāru; buḥūru; ʔabḥuru |
Accusative | بِحَارًا; بُحُورًا; أَبْحُرًا biḥāran; buḥūran; ʔabḥuran |
الْبِحَارَ; الْبُحُورَ; الْأَبْحُرَ al-biḥāra; al-buḥūra; al-ʔabḥura |
بِحَارَ; بُحُورَ; أَبْحُرَ biḥāra; buḥūra; ʔabḥura |
Genitive | بِحَارٍ; بُحُورٍ; أَبْحُرٍ biḥārin; buḥūrin; ʔabḥurin |
الْبِحَارِ; الْبُحُورِ; الْأَبْحُرِ al-biḥāri; al-buḥūri; al-ʔabḥuri |
بِحَارِ; بُحُورِ; أَبْحُرِ biḥāri; buḥūri; ʔabḥuri |
Derived terms
[edit]- أمير البحر
- مِنَ النَّهْرِ إلَى الْبَحْرِ (mina n-nahri ʔilā l-baḥri)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Denominal verb from بَحْر (baḥr, “sea”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]بَحَّرَ • (baḥḥara) II, non-past يُبَحِّرُ (yubaḥḥiru)
- to travel by sea, to make a voyage
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tabḥīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mubaḥḥir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mubaḥḥar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baḥḥartu |
baḥḥarta |
بَحَّرَ baḥḥara |
baḥḥartumā |
baḥḥarā |
baḥḥarnā |
baḥḥartum |
baḥḥarū | |||
f | baḥḥarti |
baḥḥarat |
baḥḥaratā |
baḥḥartunna |
baḥḥarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubaḥḥiru |
tubaḥḥiru |
yubaḥḥiru |
tubaḥḥirāni |
yubaḥḥirāni |
nubaḥḥiru |
tubaḥḥirūna |
yubaḥḥirūna | |||
f | tubaḥḥirīna |
tubaḥḥiru |
tubaḥḥirāni |
tubaḥḥirna |
yubaḥḥirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubaḥḥira |
tubaḥḥira |
yubaḥḥira |
tubaḥḥirā |
yubaḥḥirā |
nubaḥḥira |
tubaḥḥirū |
yubaḥḥirū | |||
f | tubaḥḥirī |
tubaḥḥira |
tubaḥḥirā |
tubaḥḥirna |
yubaḥḥirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubaḥḥir |
tubaḥḥir |
yubaḥḥir |
tubaḥḥirā |
yubaḥḥirā |
nubaḥḥir |
tubaḥḥirū |
yubaḥḥirū | |||
f | tubaḥḥirī |
tubaḥḥir |
tubaḥḥirā |
tubaḥḥirna |
yubaḥḥirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | بَحِّرْ baḥḥir |
baḥḥirā |
baḥḥirū |
||||||||
f | baḥḥirī |
baḥḥirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | بُحِّرَ buḥḥira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yubaḥḥaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yubaḥḥara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yubaḥḥar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]بَحِرَ • (baḥira) I, non-past يَبْحَرُ (yabḥaru)
- to be startled, to be bewildered with fright
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
بَحَر baḥar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bāḥir | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baḥirtu |
baḥirta |
بَحِرَ baḥira |
baḥirtumā |
baḥirā |
baḥirnā |
baḥirtum |
baḥirū | |||
f | baḥirti |
baḥirat |
baḥiratā |
baḥirtunna |
baḥirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabḥaru |
tabḥaru |
yabḥaru |
tabḥarāni |
yabḥarāni |
nabḥaru |
tabḥarūna |
yabḥarūna | |||
f | tabḥarīna |
tabḥaru |
tabḥarāni |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabḥara |
tabḥara |
yabḥara |
tabḥarā |
yabḥarā |
nabḥara |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥara |
tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabḥar |
tabḥar |
yabḥar |
tabḥarā |
yabḥarā |
nabḥar |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥar |
tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ibḥar |
ibḥarā |
ibḥarū |
||||||||
f | ibḥarī |
ibḥarna |
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]بَحَرَ • (baḥara) I, non-past يَبْحَرُ (yabḥaru)
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
بَحْر baḥr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bāḥir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mabḥūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baḥartu |
baḥarta |
بَحَرَ baḥara |
baḥartumā |
baḥarā |
baḥarnā |
baḥartum |
baḥarū | |||
f | baḥarti |
baḥarat |
baḥaratā |
baḥartunna |
baḥarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabḥaru |
tabḥaru |
yabḥaru |
tabḥarāni |
yabḥarāni |
nabḥaru |
tabḥarūna |
yabḥarūna | |||
f | tabḥarīna |
tabḥaru |
tabḥarāni |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabḥara |
tabḥara |
yabḥara |
tabḥarā |
yabḥarā |
nabḥara |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥara |
tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabḥar |
tabḥar |
yabḥar |
tabḥarā |
yabḥarā |
nabḥar |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥar |
tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ibḥar |
ibḥarā |
ibḥarū |
||||||||
f | ibḥarī |
ibḥarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | buḥirtu |
buḥirta |
بُحِرَ buḥira |
buḥirtumā |
buḥirā |
buḥirnā |
buḥirtum |
buḥirū | |||
f | buḥirti |
buḥirat |
buḥiratā |
buḥirtunna |
buḥirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubḥaru |
tubḥaru |
yubḥaru |
tubḥarāni |
yubḥarāni |
nubḥaru |
tubḥarūna |
yubḥarūna | |||
f | tubḥarīna |
tubḥaru |
tubḥarāni |
tubḥarna |
yubḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubḥara |
tubḥara |
yubḥara |
tubḥarā |
yubḥarā |
nubḥara |
tubḥarū |
yubḥarū | |||
f | tubḥarī |
tubḥara |
tubḥarā |
tubḥarna |
yubḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubḥar |
tubḥar |
yubḥar |
tubḥarā |
yubḥarā |
nubḥar |
tubḥarū |
yubḥarū | |||
f | tubḥarī |
tubḥar |
tubḥarā |
tubḥarna |
yubḥarna |
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بَحَر • (baḥar) m
- verbal noun of بَحِرَ (baḥira) (form I)
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Freytag, Georg (1830) “بحر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 87–88
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بحر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 88–89
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “بحر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[3], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 156–157
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بحر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 66–67
Gulf Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بَحَر • (baḥar) m (before il- بَحْر (baḥr), plural بِحَار (biḥār))
Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بحر • (baḥar) m (construct state بَحْر (baḥr), plural بحور (buḥūr) or بحار (biḥār))
Moroccan Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ب ح ر |
1 term |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بحر • (bḥar) m (plural بحور (bḥūr) or بحار (bḥār))
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]بحر • (bahr)
Derived terms
[edit]- بحر سیاه (Bahr-i Siyah, “Black Sea”)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: bahir
References
[edit]- Redhouse, J. W. (1884) “sea”, in A Lexicon, English and Turkish, 3rd edition, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 667
Pashto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).
Noun
[edit]بحر • (bahr) m
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bahɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæɦɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bäɦɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bahr |
Dari reading? | bahr |
Iranian reading? | bahr |
Tajik reading? | bahr |
Noun
[edit]Dari | بحر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | баҳр |
بَحْر • (bahr)
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ب ح ر |
2 terms |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بحر • (baḥar) m (plural أبحار (ʔabḥār) or بحار (bḥār) or بحور (bḥūr))
Derived terms
[edit]- البحر الميت (il-baḥr il-mayyet, “Dead Sea”)
- البحر الأحمر (il-baḥr il-ʔaḥmar, “Red Sea”)
- البحر الأبيض المتوسط (il-baḥr il-ʔabyaḍ il-mutawasseṭ, “Mediterranean Sea”)
See also
[edit]Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian بحر (bahr), from Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /bəɦɾ/
Noun
[edit]بَحْر • (bahr) m (formal plural بحار, Hindi spelling बहर)
Synonyms
[edit]- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-West Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-West Semitic
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ب ح ر
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- ar:Poetry
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound verbs by conjugation
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic sound verbs
- Arabic verbs with impersonal passive
- Arabic intransitive verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic verbs lacking passive forms
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- ar:Bodies of water
- ar:Landforms
- Gulf Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Gulf Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gulf Arabic lemmas
- Gulf Arabic nouns
- Gulf Arabic masculine nouns
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic nouns
- Hijazi Arabic masculine nouns
- Moroccan Arabic terms belonging to the root ب ح ر
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic terms with audio links
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic nouns
- Moroccan Arabic masculine nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Geography
- Pashto terms borrowed from Arabic
- Pashto terms derived from Arabic
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto nouns
- Pashto masculine nouns
- ps:Geography
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- fa:Bodies of water
- fa:Landforms
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ب ح ر
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- ajp:Landforms
- ajp:Seas
- ajp:Water
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Geography
- Urdu terms with usage examples