浮屠

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (浮屠)		浮	屠
alternative forms		浮圖／浮图

Etymology

An early loanword into Middle Chinese. Possible sources include Bactrian Βοδδο (Boddo, “the Buddha”) or a historical Prakrit, cf. Gandhari 𐨦𐨂𐨢𐨂 (budhu) (Ji, 1998v7). For the conflation of words for Buddhist stupas and for the Buddha, see also English pagoda.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Fútú

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fau⁴ tou⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Fù-thù

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Fútú
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Fútú
    • Wade–Giles: Fu²-tʻu²
    • Yale: Fú-tú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwutwu
    • Palladius: Футу (Futu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ tʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fau⁴ tou⁴
    • Yale: fàuh tòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fau⁴ tou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: feo⁴ tou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fù-thù
    • Hakka Romanization System: fuˇ tuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu² tu²
    • Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹ tʰu¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: bjuw du

Rime
Character	浮	屠
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	縛謀切	同都切
Baxter	bjuw	du
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu/	/duo/
Pan Wuyun	/biu/	/duo/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu/	/do/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw/	/dɔ/
Li Rong	/biu/	/do/
Wang Li	/bĭəu/	/du/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u/	/dʱuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fóu	tú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau4	tou4

Proper noun

浮屠

1. Buddha
2. (～鎮) Futu (a town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China)

Synonyms

• 佛陀 (Fótuó)

Noun

浮屠

1. Buddhist monk
2. Buddhist stupa

Derived terms

• 婆羅浮屠／婆罗浮屠 (Póluófútú)
• 救人一命，勝造七級浮屠／救人一命，胜造七级浮屠 (jiùrén yīmìng shèng zào qī jí fútú)
• 鐵浮屠／铁浮屠

 

Descendants

Middle Chinese

→ Proto-Koreanic: *Pwutukye

• Old Korean: 佛體 (*PWUthye?)
  • Middle Korean: 부텨 (Pwùthyè)
    • Korean: 부처 (Bucheo)
  • ⇒ Middle Korean: 부톄〯 (Pwùthyěy)
    • Gyeongsang Korean: 부체 (Buche)
    • Pyongan Korean: 부테 (Bute)
    • Jeju: 푼체 (Punche)
• → Old Japanese: 佛 (poto₂ke₂)
  • Japanese: 仏 (hotoke)
• → Proto-Jurchenic: *puciki
  • Jurchen:  (*fut͡ʃiçi)
    • Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)