灘

See also: 滩

灘 U+7058, 灘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7058 ← 灗 [U+7057] CJK Unified Ideographs 灙 → [U+7059]

Translingual

Han character

灘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+19, 22 strokes, cangjie input 水廿人土 (ETOG), four-corner 3011₄, composition ⿰氵難)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 663, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18784
• Dae Jaweon: page 1072, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1794, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7058

Chinese

trad.		灘
simp.		滩
alternative forms		潬／𬈁 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 灘
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tān (tan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thân

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tan¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): tăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thoaⁿ / than

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tuan¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tān
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tan
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan¹
    • Yale: tān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tan
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: taan¹
    • Yale: tāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thân
    • Hakka Romanization System: tan´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰan²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoaⁿ / than
    • Tâi-lô: thuann / than
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvoaf, tafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuã³³/, /tʰan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/

Note:

• thoaⁿ - vernacular;
• than - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tuan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thuaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰũã³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: than, xanX, nanH

Rime
Character	灘	灘	灘
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	曉 (32)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	他干切	呼旱切	奴案切
Baxter	than	xanX	nanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn/	/hɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn/	/hɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan/	/hanX/	/nanH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tān	hǎn	nàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan1	hon2	naan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːn/, /*naːns/, /*hnaːnʔ/, /*hnaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tān
Middle Chinese	‹ than ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar/ (E dialect: *n̥ˁ- > MC th-)
English	foreshore
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灘	灘	灘	灘
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	4891	4901	4902	4908
Phonetic component	暵	暵	暵	暵
Rime group	元	元	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	灘	攤	䍐	漢
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːn/	/*naːns/	/*hnaːnʔ/	/*hnaːns/
Notes				原隹作鳥據旱韻又音校改

Definitions

灘

1. shoal
2. beach
3. Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool; puddle

Synonyms

• (classifier for liquid or paste): (Sichuanese) 𣲩 (pá)

Compounds

• 一灘／一滩
• 上海灘／上海滩 (Shànghǎitān)
• 回灘／回滩
• 廟灘／庙滩 (Miàotān)
• 打地灘兒／打地滩儿
• 打灘／打滩
• 搶灘／抢滩 (qiǎngtān)
• 新灘／新滩 (Xīntān)
• 方灘／方滩 (Fāngtān)
• 暗灘／暗滩 (àntān)
• 李灘／李滩 (Lǐtān)
• 杭州灘簧／杭州滩簧
• 沙灘／沙滩 (shātān)
• 河漫灘／河漫滩 (hémàntān)
• 河灘／河滩 (hétān)
• 海灘／海滩 (hǎitān)
• 涒灘／涒滩
• 海灘排球／海滩排球 (hǎitān páiqiú)
• 淺灘／浅滩 (qiǎntān)
• 灘子／滩子
• 灘師／滩师
• 灘戶／滩户
• 灘簧／滩簧 (tānhuáng)
• 灘線／滩线
• 灘羊／滩羊
• 灘船／滩船
• 灘頭／滩头 (tāntóu)
• 灘黃／滩黄
• 熊灘／熊滩 (Xióngtān)
• 王灘／王滩 (Wángtān)
• 白水灘／白水滩
• 皇恐灘／皇恐滩 (Huángkǒng Tān)
• 石灘／石滩 (shítān)
• 紅柳灘／红柳滩 (Hóngliǔtān)
• 金沙灘／金沙滩
• 長灘／长滩 (Chángtān)
• 險灘／险滩 (xiǎntān)
• 鹽灘／盐滩
• 黃灘／黄滩 (Huángtān)
• 龍困淺灘／龙困浅滩

 

References

• “Entry #13246”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	灘󠄀 灘+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
灘󠄂 灘+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai	灘
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

灘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• Kan’yō-on: だん (dan)
• Kun: なだ (nada, 灘); せ (se, 灘)
• Nanori: だな (dana); なん (nan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
灘
なだ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *nanta.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) な​だ [náꜜdà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [na̠da̠]

Noun

灘(なだ) • (nada) 

1. area of a sea or an ocean with strong winds or surging waves; rough sea

   玄界(げんかい)灘(なだ)

   Genkai Nada

   Genkai Sea

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 灘 (MC than). Recorded as Middle Korean 탄 (than) (Yale: than) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

灘 (eumhun 여울 탄 (yeoul tan))

1. Hanja form^? of 탄 (“shoal”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 한탄강 (漢灘江, Hantan'gang, “Hantan River”)
• 신탄진 (新灘津, Sintanjin, “Sintanjin-dong”)
• 광탄천 (鑛灘川, Gwangtancheon)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

灘: Hán Nôm readings: than

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.