īss
Latvian
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *isas, *insas, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *eis-, *is- (“to move fast, forcefully, to drive”) (from earlier “to hit, to move, to drive”). This root may have resulted from metathesis of *sei- (“to extend one's arms; strain, strength”), whence sist (“to hit”). Semantic development: “to hit, to move” > “to knock down, to reduce (with a blow)” > “made smaller, shorter” (participle). Cognates include (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Lithuanian dialectal įsas, Old Prussian insan (accusative), Sanskrit इषत (iṣát, “a little, a few”) (< *iṇst).[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
īss (definite īsais, comparative īsāks, superlative visīsākais, adverb īsi)
- short (having relatively little length, less than average length)
- īsas piedurknes ― short sleeves
- īsa pātaga ― short whip
- īsi svārki ― short skirt
- īsie viļņi, īsviļņi ― shortwaves
- īss stāsts, dzejolis — short story, poem
- short, laconic
- īsos vārdos ― in short, in sum, briefly (lit. in short words)
- short, brief (lasting relatively little time, having relatively little duration; syn. neilgs)
- pēc īsiem saules mirkļiem ― after brief moments of sun(shine)
- ziemas dienas ir īsas ― winter days are short
- īsa izrāde ― short show
- īss koncerts ― short concert
- īsa saruna ― short conversation
- short (which goes, ends quickly, insufficiently long)
- dzīve taču ir tik īsa kā decembra diena ― but life is as short as a December day
- bišu mūžs ir īss, tikai daži mēneši ― bee life is short, only a few months
- (of feelings, states, relations) short-lived, insufficient
- mana laime bija īsa ― my happiness was short
- (phonetics, phonology) short (pronounced with relatively little duration)
- īss patskanis ― short vowel
- īsa zilbe ― short syllable
- short, brief (lasting only a few moments)
- īss svilpiens ― short whistle
- īsa skaņa, nopūta ― short sound, sigh
- (of motion) short, quick (small, but fast)
- ar īsu žestu tas aicināja viņu apsēsties sev pretim ― with a short, quick gesture that one invited him to sit down next to him
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of īss
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | īss | īsi | īsa | īsas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | īsu | īsus | īsu | īsas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | īsa | īsu | īsas | īsu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | īsam | īsiem | īsai | īsām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | īsu | īsiem | īsu | īsām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | īsā | īsos | īsā | īsās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Antonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “īss”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN