πίνω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”). Cognates include Sanskrit पिबति (pibati), Latin pōtō and bibō, and Albanian pi.[1]
The present tense system includes a N progressive aspect marker.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pǐː.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
Verb
[edit]πῑ́νω • (pī́nō)
- to drink
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 959
- (absolute)
- (figuratively)
- to carouse
Inflection
[edit] Present: πῑ́νω, πῑ́νομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πῑ́νω | πῑ́νεις | πῑ́νει | πῑ́νετον | πῑ́νετον | πῑ́νομεν | πῑ́νετε | πῑ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | πῑ́νω | πῑ́νῃς | πῑ́νῃ | πῑ́νητον | πῑ́νητον | πῑ́νωμεν | πῑ́νητε | πῑ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πῑ́νοιμῐ | πῑ́νοις | πῑ́νοι | πῑ́νοιτον | πῑνοίτην | πῑ́νοιμεν | πῑ́νοιτε | πῑ́νοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πῖνε | πῑνέτω | πῑ́νετον | πῑνέτων | πῑ́νετε | πῑνόντων | |||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | πῑ́νομαι | πῑ́νῃ, πῑ́νει |
πῑ́νεται | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑνόμεθᾰ | πῑ́νεσθε | πῑ́νονται | ||||
| subjunctive | πῑ́νωμαι | πῑ́νῃ | πῑ́νηται | πῑ́νησθον | πῑ́νησθον | πῑνώμεθᾰ | πῑ́νησθε | πῑ́νωνται | |||||
| optative | πῑνοίμην | πῑ́νοιο | πῑ́νοιτο | πῑ́νοισθον | πῑνοίσθην | πῑνοίμεθᾰ | πῑ́νοισθε | πῑ́νοιντο | |||||
| imperative | πῑ́νου | πῑνέσθω | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑνέσθων | πῑ́νεσθε | πῑνέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/ | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | πῑ́νειν | πῑ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | πῑ́νων | πῑνόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | πῑ́νουσᾰ | πῑνομένη | |||||||||||
| n | πῖνον | πῑνόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: πῑ́ομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | πῑ́ομαι | πῑ́ῃ, πῑ́ει |
πῑ́εται | πῑ́εσθον | πῑ́εσθον | πῑόμεθᾰ | πῑ́εσθε | πῑ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | πῑ́ωμαι | πῑ́ῃ | πῑ́ηται | πῑ́ησθον | πῑ́ησθον | πῑώμεθᾰ | πῑ́ησθε | πῑ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | πῑοίμην | πῑ́οιο | πῑ́οιτο | πῑ́οισθον | πῑοίσθην | πῑοίμεθᾰ | πῑ́οισθε | πῑ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | πῑ́ου | πῑέσθω | πῑ́εσθον | πῑέσθων | πῑ́εσθε | πῑέσθων | |||||||
| middle/ | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πῑ́εσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πῑόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | πῑομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πῑόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπῑνον | ἔπῑνες | ἔπῑνε(ν) | ἐπῑ́νετον | ἐπῑνέτην | ἐπῑ́νομεν | ἐπῑ́νετε | ἔπῑνον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐπῑνόμην | ἐπῑ́νου | ἐπῑ́νετο | ἐπῑ́νεσθον | ἐπῑνέσθην | ἐπῑνόμεθᾰ | ἐπῑ́νεσθε | ἐπῑ́νοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πῖνον | πῖνες | πῖνε(ν) | πῑ́νετον | πῑνέτην | πῑ́νομεν | πῑ́νετε | πῖνον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | πῑνόμην | πῑ́νεο, πῑ́νευ |
πῑ́νετο | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑνέσθην | πῑνόμε(σ)θᾰ | πῑ́νεσθε | πῑ́νοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πίνεσκον | πίνεσκες | πίνεσκε(ν) | πινέσκετον | πινεσκέτην | πινέσκομεν | πινέσκετε | πίνεσκον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | πινεσκόμην | πινέσκεο, πινέσκευ |
πινέσκετο | πινέσκεσθον | πινεσκέσθην | πινεσκόμεθᾰ | πινέσκεσθε | πινέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | πῑ́ομαι | πῑ́ῃ, πῑ́ει |
πῑ́εται | πῑ́εσθον | πῑ́εσθον | πῑόμεθᾰ | πῑ́εσθε | πῑ́ονται | ||||
| optative | πῑοίμην | πῑ́οιο | πῑ́οιτο | πῑ́οισθον | πῑοίσθην | πῑοίμεθᾰ | πῑ́οισθε | πῑ́οιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ποθήσομαι | ποθήσῃ, ποθήσει |
ποθήσεται | ποθήσεσθον | ποθήσεσθον | ποθησόμεθᾰ | ποθήσεσθε | ποθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ποθησοίμην | ποθήσοιο | ποθήσοιτο | ποθήσοισθον | ποθησοίσθην | ποθησοίμεθᾰ | ποθήσοισθε | ποθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | πῑ́εσθαι | ποθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | πῑόμενος | ποθησόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | πῑομένη | ποθησομένη | |||||||||||
| n | πῑόμενον | ποθησόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | πῐέομαι | πῐέῃ, πῐέει |
πῐέεται | πῐέεσθον | πῐέεσθον | πῐεόμεθᾰ | πῐέεσθε | πῐέονται | ||||
| optative | πῐεοίμην | πῐέοιο | πῐέοιτο | πῐέοισθον | πῐεοίσθην | πῐεοίμεθᾰ | πῐέοισθε | πῐέοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ποθήσομαι | ποθήσῃ, ποθήσει |
ποθήσεται | ποθήσεσθον | ποθήσεσθον | ποθησόμεθᾰ | ποθήσεσθε | ποθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ποθησοίμην | ποθήσοιο | ποθήσοιτο | ποθήσοισθον | ποθησοίσθην | ποθησοίμεθᾰ | ποθήσοισθε | ποθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | πῐέεσθαι | ποθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | πῐεόμενος | ποθησόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | πῐεομένη | ποθησομένη | |||||||||||
| n | πῐεόμενον | ποθησόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | πῐοῦμαι | πῐεῖ, πῐῇ |
πῐεῖται | πῐεῖσθον | πῐεῖσθον | πῐούμεθᾰ | πῐεῖσθε | πῐοῦνται | ||||
| optative | πῐοίμην | πῐοῖο | πῐοῖτο | πῐοῖσθον | πῐοίσθην | πῐοίμεθᾰ | πῐοῖσθε | πῐοῖντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ποθήσομαι | ποθήσῃ, ποθήσει |
ποθήσεται | ποθήσεσθον | ποθήσεσθον | ποθησόμεθᾰ | ποθήσεσθε | ποθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ποθησοίμην | ποθήσοιο | ποθήσοιτο | ποθήσοισθον | ποθησοίσθην | ποθησοίμεθᾰ | ποθήσοισθε | ποθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | πῐεῖσθαι | ποθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | πῐούμενος | ποθησόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | πῐουμένη | ποθησομένη | |||||||||||
| n | πῐούμενον | ποθησόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀμετροπότης (ametropótēs)
- ἀνᾰπῑ́νω (anăpī́nō)
- ἀντῐπῑ́νω (antĭpī́nō)
- ἀποπῑ́νω (apopī́nō)
- ἄποτος (ápotos)
- βρᾰχύποτος (brăkhúpotos)
- γάποτος (gápotos)
- δῐᾰπῑ́νω (dĭăpī́nō)
- δύσποτος (dúspotos)
- ἐκπῑ́νω (ekpī́nō)
- ἐμπῑ́νω (empī́nō)
- ἐπῐπῑ́νω (epĭpī́nō)
- εὔποτος (eúpotos)
- ζωροπότης (zōropótēs)
- ἡδυπότης (hēdupótēs)
- ἡδύποτος (hēdúpotos)
- θερείποτος (thereípotos)
- κᾰτᾰπῑ́νω (kătăpī́nō)
- λαβροποτέω (labropotéō)
- μετᾰπῑ́νω (metăpī́nō)
- μετριοπότης (metriopótēs)
- νεόποτος (neópotos)
- ὀλῐγόποτος (olĭgópotos)
- περίποτος (perípotos)
- πολύποτος (polúpotos)
- προπῑ́νω (propī́nō)
- προσπῑ́νω (prospī́nō)
- σεμνόποτος (semnópotos)
- σῠμπῑ́νω (sŭmpī́nō)
- ὑπερπῑ́νω (huperpī́nō)
- ὑποπῑ́νω (hupopī́nō)
- φῐλοπότης (phĭlopótēs)
- ψῡχοπότης (psūkhopótēs)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1194
Further reading
[edit]- “πίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4095 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- πίνω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
- Frisk, Hjalmar (1970), “πίνω”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 540-542
- Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “πίνω”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, pages 904-905
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek πῑ́νω (pī́nō).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]πίνω • (píno) (past ήπια, passive πίνομαι)
- to drink (water, coffee, beers, etc)
- to toast (drink to someone's health)
- to drink (to be a drinker of alcoholic drinks)
- (colloquial) to smoke tobacco, use drugs
Conjugation
[edit]πίνω, πίνομαι (irregular)
| Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
| 1 sg | πίνω | πιω | πίνομαι | πιωθώ1 |
| 2 sg | πίνεις | πιεις | πίνεσαι | πιωθείς |
| 3 sg | πίνει | πιει | πίνεται | πιωθεί |
| 1 pl | πίνουμε, [‑ομε] | πιούμε | πινόμαστε | πιωθούμε |
| 2 pl | πίνετε | πιείτε | πίνεστε, πινόσαστε | πιωθείτε |
| 3 pl | πίνουν(ε) | πιουν(ε) | πίνονται | πιωθούν(ε) |
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
| 1 sg | έπινα | ήπια | πινόμουν(α) | πιώθηκα1 |
| 2 sg | έπινες | ήπιες | πινόσουν(α) | πιώθηκες |
| 3 sg | έπινε | ήπιε | πινόταν(ε) | πιώθηκε |
| 1 pl | πίναμε | ήπιαμε | πινόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | πιωθήκαμε |
| 2 pl | πίνατε | ήπιατε | πινόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | πιωθήκατε |
| 3 pl | έπιναν, πίναν(ε) | ήπιαν, ήπιανε | πίνονταν, (πινόντουσαν) | πιώθηκαν, πιωθήκαν(ε) |
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
| 1 sg | θα πίνω ➤ | θα πιω ➤ | θα πίνομαι ➤ | θα πιωθώ ➤ |
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα πίνεις, … | θα πιεις, … | θα πίνεσαι, … | θα πιωθείς, … |
| Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … πιει έχω, έχεις, … πιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
— είμαι, είσαι, … πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … πιει είχα, είχες, … πιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
— ήμουν, ήσουν, … πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πιει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
— θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| 2 sg | πίνε | πιες, (πιε)2 | — | — |
| 2 pl | πίνετε | πιείτε, πιέστε, (πιέτε)2 | πίνεστε | πιωθείτε |
| Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
| Present participle➤ | πίνοντας ➤ | — | ||
| Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας πιει ➤ | πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Nonfinite form➤ | πιει | πιωθεί | ||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Passive forms πιωθ- are very rare, colloquial. 2. Rare, colloquial form. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
[edit]Compound forms
- αποπίνω (apopíno, “to drink up”)
- καταπίνω (katapíno, “to swallow”)
- κουτσοπίνω (koutsopíno, “to gossip, to drink slowly”)
- μπεκροπίνω (bekropíno, “to carouse, to booze”)
- ξαναπίνω (xanapíno, “to drink again”)
- ξεροκαταπίνω (xerokatapíno, “to swallow dryly, swallow with only one's saliva”)
- παραπίνω (parapíno, “to drink too much”)
- προπίνω (propíno, “to drink health”)
- στραβοκαταπίνω (stravokatapíno)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek verbs with a progressive nu marker
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek colloquialisms
- Greek irregular verbs