дума

See also: Дума and Appendix:Variations of "duma"

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdumɐ]
• Syllabification^(key): ду‧ма
• Rhymes: -umɐ

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f (diminutive ду́мичка or ду́мица)

1. word (unit of language)
2. word, account (the thing one talks about)
3. word, talk, conversation
4. word, promise, pledge
5. word, say, opinion, verdict
6. the right to speak, floor

Declension

Declension of ду́ма

	singular	plural
indefinite	ду́ма dúma	ду́ми dúmi
definite	ду́мата dúmata	ду́мите dúmite
vocative form	ду́мо dúmo	ду́ми dúmi

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma); Doublet of Etymology 1.

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f

1. duma (Russian legislative assembly)

Declension

Declension of ду́ма

	singular	plural
indefinite	ду́ма dúma	ду́ми dúmi
definite	ду́мата dúmata	ду́мите dúmite

Further reading

• “дума”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈduma]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).

Noun

дума • (duma) f (plural думи)

1. (regional) word (unit of language)

   Synonym: збор (zbor)

2. (regional) thought

   Synonym: мисла (misla)

Declension

Declension of дума

	singular	plural
indefinite	дума (duma)	думи (dumi)
definite unspecified	думата (dumata)	думите (dumite)
definite proximal	думава (dumava)	думиве (dumive)
definite distal	думана (dumana)	думине (dumine)
vocative	думо (dumo)	думи (dumi)

Verb

дума • (duma) third-singular present, impf

1. (regional, archaic) to remember

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma); Doublet of Etymology 1.

Noun

дума • (duma) f (uncountable)

1. duma (Russian legislature)

Declension

Declension of дума

	singular
indefinite	дума (duma)
definite unspecified	думата (dumata)
definite proximal	думава (dumava)
definite distal	думана (dumana)
vocative	думо (dumo)

Pannonian Rusyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈduma]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Hyphenation: ду‧ма

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Slovak duma, from Proto-Slavic *duma.

Noun

дума (duma) f

1. thought

   Synonyms: думка (dumka), задумка (zadumka)

2. opinion

   Synonyms: (more common) думанє (dumanje), (obsolete) мниниє (mninije)

3. (obsolete) idea

   Synonym: идея (ideja)

   присц на думу ― prisc na dumu ― to come up with an idea

Declension

Declension of дума (duma)

	singular	plural
nominative	дума (duma)	думи (dumi)
genitive	думи (dumi)	думох (dumox)
dative	думи (dumi)	думом (dumom)
accusative	думу (dumu)	думи (dumi)
instrumental	думу (dumu)	думами (dumami)
locative	думи (dumi)	думох (dumox)
vocative	думо (dumo)	думи (dumi)

Related terms

nouns

• думка f (dumka)

verbs

• думац impf (dumac)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “дума”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

дума (duma)

1. third-person singular present indicative of думац (dumac)

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdumə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́мы, nominative plural ду́мы, genitive plural дум, relational adjective ду́мский, diminutive ду́мка)

1. thought, meditation

   Synonyms: мысль (myslʹ), разду́мье (razdúmʹje)

   Вечерний звон, вечерний звон, как много дум наводит он! - The evening bell, the evening bell, how much thoughts does it bring!

   • 1928, Михаил Осоргин [Mikhail Osorgin], “Часть первая. Замечательный день”, in Сивцев Вражек; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):

     Ра́нним у́тром, при окне́ откры́том, — каки́е ду́мы у де́вушки в шестна́дцать лет? Пе́рвая — день хоро́ший, втора́я — сего́дня воскресе́нье. Вме́сто тре́тьей ду́мы — беспричи́нная улы́бка.

     Ránnim útrom, pri okné otkrýtom, — kakíje dúmy u dévuški v šestnádcatʹ let? Pérvaja — denʹ xoróšij, vtorája — sevódnja voskresénʹje. Vmésto trétʹjej dúmy — bespričínnaja ulýbka.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. duma (Russian legislature)

   Synonym: парла́мент (parláment)

Declension

Declension of ду́ма (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ду́ма dúma	ду́мы dúmy
genitive	ду́мы dúmy	ду́м dúm
dative	ду́ме dúme	ду́мам dúmam
accusative	ду́му dúmu	ду́мы dúmy
instrumental	ду́мой, ду́мою dúmoj, dúmoju	ду́мами dúmami
prepositional	ду́ме dúme	ду́мах dúmax

Pre-reform declension of ду́ма (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ду́ма dúma	ду́мы dúmy
genitive	ду́мы dúmy	ду́мъ dúm
dative	ду́мѣ dúmě	ду́мамъ dúmam
accusative	ду́му dúmu	ду́мы dúmy
instrumental	ду́мой, ду́мою dúmoj, dúmoju	ду́мами dúmami
prepositional	ду́мѣ dúmě	ду́махъ dúmax

Related terms

• ду́матель (dúmatelʹ)
• ду́мный (dúmnyj)
• ду́мать (dúmatʹ)

Descendants

Descendants

• → Bulgarian: дума (duma)
• → Buryat: дүүмэ (düüme)
• → Chinese: 杜馬 / 杜马 (dùmǎ)/杜马 (dùmɑ̌)
• → Classical Mongolian: ᠳ᠋ᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ (düm-e), ᠳ᠋ᠦᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ (düüm-e)
• → English: duma
• → Finnish: duuma
• → Finnish: tuuma
• → Macedonian: дума (duma)
• ⇒ Mongolian: дум (dum)
• → Romanian: dumă
• → Yakut: дума (duma)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdumɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́ми, nominative plural ду́ми, genitive plural дум)

1. A thought, meditation, idea.
2. A sung epic poem, of a type invented by Ukrainian Cossacks in the 16th century; a ballad, elegy.

Declension

Declension of ду́ма
(inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ду́ма dúma	ду́ми dúmy
genitive	ду́ми dúmy	дум dum
dative	ду́мі dúmi	ду́мам dúmam
accusative	ду́му dúmu	ду́ми dúmy
instrumental	ду́мою dúmoju	ду́мами dúmamy
locative	ду́мі dúmi	ду́мах dúmax
vocative	ду́мо dúmo	ду́ми dúmy

Derived terms

• думка (dumka) (diminutive)

Related terms

• ду́мати (dúmaty)

Descendants

• → English: dumka
• → Polish: dumka

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дума”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka