кал
Bulgarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
кал • (kal) f
Declension[edit]
singular | |
---|---|
indefinite | кал kal |
definite | калта́ kaltá |
References[edit]
- кал in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- кал in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
Erzya[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Finnish kala.
Noun[edit]
кал • (kal)
Hyponyms[edit]
- сэрьге (seŕge, “roach”)
Macedonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)
Declension[edit]
(Masculine declension)
(Feminine declension)
Derived terms[edit]
Moksha[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Uralic *kala[1].
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
кал • (kal)
- fish
- O. Je. Poljakov (1995) Učimsja govoritʹ po-mokšanski [Let's learn to speak Moksha], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- ка/л, -лхт — рыба
- ka/l, -lht — riba
- fish [plural ending] — fish [in Russian]
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- Аряда калонь кунда́ма!
- Aŕada kaloń kundáma!
- Let's go fishing (lit. "catching fish")!
- O. Je. Poljakov (1995) Učimsja govoritʹ po-mokšanski [Let's learn to speak Moksha], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | кал (kal) | калхт (kalht) |
genitive | калонь (kaloń) | — |
dative | калонди (kalonďi) | — |
ablative | калда (kalda) | — |
inessive | калса (kalsa) | — |
elative | калста (kalsta) | — |
illative | калс (kals) | — |
prolative | калга (kalga) | — |
comparative | калшка (kalška) | — |
translative | калкс (kalks) | — |
abessive | калфтома (kalftoma) | — |
causative | калонкса (kalonksa) | — |
first person singular (монь (moń)) | ||
---|---|---|
one possession | multiple possessions | |
nominative | калозе (kaloźe) | калне (kalńe) |
genitive | калозень (kaloźeń) | калнень (kalńeń) |
dative | калозти (kalozťi) | калненди (kalńenďi) |
ablative | калдон (kaldon) | |
inessive | калсон (kalson) | |
elative | калстон (kalston) | |
illative | калозон (kalozon) | |
prolative | калган (kalgan) | |
comparative | калшкан (kalškan) | |
abessive | калфтомон (kalftomon) | |
second person singular (тонь (toń)) | ||
one possession | multiple possessions | |
nominative | калце (kalće) | калхне (kalhńe) |
genitive | калцень (kalćeń) | калхнень (kalhńeń) |
dative | калценди (kalćenďi) | калхненди (kalhńenďi) |
ablative | калдот (kaldot) | |
inessive | калсот (kalsot) | |
elative | калстот (kalstot) | |
illative | калозт (kalozt) | |
prolative | калгат (kalgat) | |
comparative | калшкат (kalškat) | |
abessive | калфтомот (kalftomot) | |
third person singular (сонь (soń)) | ||
one possession | multiple possessions | |
nominative | калоц (kaloc) | калонза (kalonza) |
genitive | калонц (kalonc) | калонзон (kalonzon) |
dative | калонцты (kaloncti) | калонзонды (kalonzondi) |
ablative | калдонза (kaldonza) | |
inessive | калсонза (kalsonza) | |
elative | калстонза (kalstonza) | |
illative | калозонза (kalozonza) | |
prolative | калганза (kalganza) | |
comparative | калшканза (kalškanza) | |
abessive | калфтомонза (kalftomonza) | |
first person plural (минь (miń)) | ||
one or multiple possessions | ||
nominative | калоньке (kalońke) | |
genitive | калоньконь (kalońkoń) | |
dative | калоньконди (kalońkonďi) | |
ablative | калдонк (kaldonk) | |
inessive | калсонк (kalsonk) | |
elative | калстонк (kalstonk) | |
illative | калозонк (kalozonk) | |
prolative | калганк (kalgank) | |
comparative | калшканк (kalškank) | |
abessive | калфтомонк (kalftomonk) | |
second person plural (тинь (ťiń)) | ||
one or multiple possessions | ||
nominative | калонте (kalonťe) | |
genitive | калонтень (kalonťeń) | |
dative | калонтенди (kalonťenďi) | |
ablative | калдонт (kaldont) | |
inessive | калсонт (kalsont) | |
elative | калстонт (kalstont) | |
illative | калозонт (kalozont) | |
prolative | калгант (kalgant) | |
comparative | калшкант (kalškant) | |
abessive | калфтомонт (kalftomont) | |
third person plural (синь (śiń)) | ||
one or multiple possessions | ||
nominative | калсна (kalsna) | |
genitive | калснон (kalsnon) | |
dative | калснонды (kalsnondi) | |
ablative | калдост (kaldost) | |
inessive | калсост (kalsost) | |
elative | калстост (kalstost) | |
illative | калозост (kalozost) | |
prolative | калгаст (kalgast) | |
comparative | калшкаст (kalškast) | |
abessive | калфтомост (kalftomost) |
Derived terms[edit]
- калонь (kaloń)
- калонь кундай (kaloń kundaj)
- калонь кундама (kaloń kundama)
References[edit]
Russian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).
Alternative forms[edit]
- калъ (kal) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов)
- dung, excrement, feces, poo
- Synonyms: испражне́ния (ispražnénija), наво́з (navóz), помёт (pomjót), стул (stul), экскреме́нты (ekskreménty), фека́лии (fekálii)
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- ка́ловый (kálovyj)
Etymology 2[edit]
Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)
Declension[edit]
Ukrainian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)
- excrement, feces, poo, dung
- (figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit
- (dated or dialectal) dirt, mud
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кал”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “кал”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “кал”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “кал”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian feminine nouns
- Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya lemmas
- Erzya nouns
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Macedonian terms with audio links
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian nouns
- Macedonian feminine nouns
- Macedonian nouns with multiple genders
- Macedonian masculine nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови
- Macedonian singularia tantum
- Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Moksha terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Moksha lemmas
- Moksha nouns
- Moksha terms with usage examples
- Moksha consonant-stem nominals
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian abbreviations
- Russian 4-syllable words
- Russian indeclinable nouns
- Russian feminine nouns
- ru:Feces
- ru:Units of measure
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Geology
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian uncountable nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian inanimate nouns
- Ukrainian vulgarities
- Ukrainian dated terms
- Ukrainian dialectal terms
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a