кал
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кал • (kal) f
Declension
[edit]singular | |
---|---|
indefinite | кал kal |
definite | калта́ kaltá |
References
[edit]- “кал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “кал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Anagrams
[edit]- лак (lak)
Erzya
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кал • (kal)
- fish
- ярсамс рестазь калдо ― jarsams restaź kaldo ― to eat fried fish
- 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21:
- I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?
- Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?
Declension
[edit]This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Hyponyms
[edit]- сэрьге (sëŕge, “roach”)
References
[edit]- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “кал”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- Entry #228 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Macedonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)
Declension
[edit](Masculine declension)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | кал (kal) | калови (kalovi) |
definite unspecified | калот (kalot) | каловите (kalovite) |
definite proximal | калов (kalov) | каловиве (kalovive) |
definite distal | калон (kalon) | каловине (kalovine) |
vocative | калу (kalu) | калови (kalovi) |
count form | — | кала (kala) |
(Feminine declension)
singular | |
---|---|
indefinite | кал (kal) |
definite unspecified | калта (kalta) |
definite proximal | калва (kalva) |
definite distal | кална (kalna) |
vocative | кал (kal) |
Derived terms
[edit]Moksha
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кал • (kal)
Declension
[edit]case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative (...) |
кал (kal) | калхт (kalxt) |
genitive (of ...) |
калонь (kaloń) | |
dative (to ...) |
калонди (kalondi) | |
comparative (like ...) |
калшка (kalška) | |
ablative (than ...) |
калда (kalda) | |
lative (into ...) |
калу (kalu) | |
illative (into ...) |
калс (kals) | |
inessive (in ...) |
калса (kalsa) | |
elative (out of ...) |
калста (kalsta) | |
prolative (through ...) |
калга (kalga) | |
causative (for ...) |
калонкса (kalonksa) | |
translative (becoming ...) |
калкс (kalks) | |
abessive (without ...) |
калфтома (kalftoma) |
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative (...) |
калсь (kalś) | калне (kalne) |
genitive (of ...) |
калть (kalť) | калнень (kalneń) |
dative (to ...) |
калти (kalti) | калненди (kalnendi) |
Derived terms
[edit]- калонь кундай (kaloń kundaj)
- калонь кундама (kaloń kundama)
- калонь салай (kaloń salaj)
References
[edit]- V. I. Shchankina (1993) “кал”, in Мокшень-рузонь валкс [Moksha-Russian dictionary], Saransk: MKI, →ISBN, page 41
Russian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).
Alternative forms
[edit]- калъ (kal) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов, relational adjective ка́ловый)
- dung, excrement, feces, poo
- Synonyms: испражне́ния (ispražnénija), наво́з (navóz), помёт (pomjót), стул (stul), экскреме́нты (ekskreménty), фека́лии (fekálii)
- 1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], chapter VIII, in Лакейская; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):
- Позво́льте вам доложи́ть, А́нна Гаври́ловна, что кучера́ кучера́м рознь. Оно́, коне́чно, так как кучера́, по обыкнове́нию бо́льше своему́, нахо́дятся неотлу́чно при лошадя́х, иногда́ подчища́ют, с позволе́ния сказа́ть, кал[...]
- Pozvólʹte vam doložítʹ, Ánna Gavrílovna, što kučerá kučerám roznʹ. Onó, konéšno, tak kak kučerá, po obyknovéniju bólʹše svojemú, naxódjatsja neotlúčno pri lošadjáx, inogdá podčiščájut, s pozvolénija skazátʹ, kal[...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Compound words:
- калоприёмник m (kaloprijómnik)
Related terms
[edit]- кали́на f (kalína)
Etymology 2
[edit]Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)
Anagrams
[edit]- лак (lak)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | кал | кали |
genitive | кала | кала |
dative | калу | калима |
accusative | кал | кале |
vocative | калу | кали |
locative | калу | калима |
instrumental | калем | калима |
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)
- excrement, feces, poo, dung
- (figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit
- (dated or dialectal) dirt, mud
Declension
[edit]singular | |
---|---|
nominative | кал kal |
genitive | ка́лу kálu |
dative | ка́лові, ка́лу kálovi, kálu |
accusative | кал kal |
instrumental | ка́лом kálom |
locative | ка́лу, ка́лі kálu, káli |
vocative | ка́ле kále |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кал”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “кал”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “кал”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “кал”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ/1 syllable
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian feminine nouns
- Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic
- Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic
- Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Erzya/al
- Rhymes:Erzya/al/1 syllable
- Erzya lemmas
- Erzya nouns
- Erzya terms with usage examples
- Erzya terms with quotations
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Macedonian terms with audio pronunciation
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian nouns
- Macedonian feminine nouns
- Macedonian nouns with multiple genders
- Macedonian masculine nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови
- Macedonian singularia tantum
- Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic
- Moksha terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic
- Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Moksha terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Moksha terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Moksha/al
- Rhymes:Moksha/al/1 syllable
- Moksha lemmas
- Moksha nouns
- mdf:Vertebrates
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with quotations
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian abbreviations
- Russian 4-syllable words
- Russian indeclinable nouns
- Russian feminine nouns
- ru:Feces
- ru:Units of measure
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Geology
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian uncountable nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian inanimate nouns
- Ukrainian vulgarities
- Ukrainian dated terms
- Ukrainian dialectal terms
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a
- uk:Feces