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кала

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: қала, ҡала, каля, and кӏала

Chuvash

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Etymology

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Possibly inherited from Proto-Turkic *kele- (“to say”), however such a verb is very poorly attested and it instead may be a borrowing from Mongolic *kelele- (“to speak”).[1][2]

Cognate with Salar kele and Tatar кэлеу (kelew); compare also Mongolian хэлэх (xelex).

Verb

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кала • (kala)

  1. (transitive) to say, to tell
  2. (transitive) to recite
  3. (transitive) to deliver (a speech, a toast, etc.)
  4. (transitive) to pronounce
  5. (transitive) to play, perform (on a musical instrument)
  6. (transitive) to smell (of)
  7. (transitive) to be enough (of spices in a dish)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Fedotov, M. R. (1996), “кала”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 214-215
  2. ^ Jegorov, V. G. (1964), “кала”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, pages 85-86

Further reading

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  • “кала”, in Электронлӑ сӑмахсар [Elektronlă s̬ămahsar]‎[1] (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.

Macedonian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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кала • (kala) f

  1. arum

Declension

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Declension of кала
singular plural
indefinite кала (kala) кали (kali)
definite unspecified калата (kalata) калите (kalite)
definite proximal калава (kalava) каливе (kalive)
definite distal калана (kalana) калине (kaline)
vocative кало (kalo) кали (kali)

Nogai

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Etymology

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From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”).

Noun

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кала • (kala)

  1. city
    Synonym: шахар (şaxar)

Russian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ка́ла • (kála) m inan

  1. genitive singular of кал (kal)

Southern Altai

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Etymology

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From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”).

Noun

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кала • (kala)

  1. city

Declension

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Inflection of кала
singular plural
absolute кала (kala) калалар (kalalar)
definite genitive каланыҥ (kalanïŋ) калалардыҥ (kalalardïŋ)
dative калага (kalaga) калаларга (kalalarga)
definite accusative каланы (kalanï) калаларды (kalalardï)
locative калада (kalada) калаларда (kalalarda)
ablative каладаҥ (kaladaŋ) калалардаҥ (kalalardaŋ)

References

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Čumakajev, A. E., editor (2018), “кала”, in Altajsko-russkij slovarʹ [Altaic–Russian Dictionary], Gorno-Altaysk: NII altaistiki im. S.S. Surazakova, →ISBN

Tatar

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Etymology

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From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”).

Cognate with Bashkir ҡала (qala), Kazakh қала (qala), Kyrgyz калаa (kalaa, “city, town”), Turkish kale (“fortress”) etc.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [qɑˈlɑ]
  • Hyphenation: ка‧ла

Noun

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кала • (qala)

  1. city, town

Declension

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Declension of кала (qala)
singular plural
nominative кала (qala) кала (qala)
genitive кала (qala) кала (qala)
definite accusative кала (qala) кала (qala)
dative кала (qala) кала (qala)
locative кала (qala) кала (qala)
ablative кала (qala) кала (qala)

Derived terms

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Udi

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Etymology

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From Tat kələ.

Adjective

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кала • (kala)

  1. great, major, big
  2. elder

References

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  • Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974), “кала”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎[2], Baku: Academy Press, page 131
  • Schulze, Wolfgang (2015), “Aspects of Udi-Iranian Language Contact”, in Uwe Bläsing, Victoria Arakelova, Matthias Weinreich, editors, Studies on Iran and the Caucasus: In honour of Garnik Asatrian, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, page 387 of 373–401
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