кала

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See also: қала, ҡала, каля, and кӏала

Chuvash[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Possibly inherited from Proto-Turkic *kele- (“to say”), however such a verb is very poorly attested and it instead may be a borrowing from Mongolic *kelele- (“to speak”).[1][2]

Cognate with Salar kele and Tatar кэлеу (kelew); compare also Mongolian хэлэх (xelex).

Verb[edit]

кала • (kala)

  1. (transitive) to say, to tell
  2. (transitive) to recite
  3. (transitive) to deliver (a speech, a toast, etc.)
  4. (transitive) to pronounce
  5. (transitive) to play, perform (on a musical instrument)
  6. (transitive) to smell (of)
  7. (transitive) to be enough (of spices in a dish)

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “кала”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 214-215
  2. ^ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “кала”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, pages 85-86

Further reading[edit]

  • “кала”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎[1] (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.

Macedonian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

кала • (kala) f

  1. arum

Declension[edit]

Declension of кала
singular plural
indefinite кала кали
definite unspecified калата калите
definite proximal калава каливе
definite distal калана калине
vocative кало кали

Russian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈkaɫə]
  • IPA(key): [kɐˈɫorʲɪə] (phonetic respelling: кало́риа)

Noun[edit]

ка́ла • (kála) m inan

  1. genitive singular of кал (kal)

Southern Altai[edit]

Noun[edit]

кала • (kala)

  1. city

References[edit]

Čumakajev A. E., editor (2018), “кала”, in Altajsko-russkij slovarʹ [Altaic–Russian Dictionary], Gorno-Altaysk: NII altaistiki im. S.S. Surazakova, →ISBN

Tatar[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”).

Cognate with Bashkir ҡала (qala), Kazakh қала (qala), Kyrgyz калаa (kalaa, “city, town”), Turkish kale (“fortress”) etc.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [qɑˈlɑ]
  • Hyphenation: ка‧ла

Noun[edit]

кала • (qala)

  1. city, town

Declension[edit]

Inflection of кала (qala)
singular plural
nominative кала (qala) кала (qala)
genitive кала (qala) кала (qala)
definite accusative кала (qala) кала (qala)
dative кала (qala) кала (qala)
locative кала (qala) кала (qala)
ablative кала (qala) кала (qala)

Derived terms[edit]

Udi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Tat kələ.

Adjective[edit]

кала • (kala)

  1. great, major, big
  2. elder

References[edit]

  • Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “кала”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎[2], Baku: Academy Press, page 131
  • Schulze, Wolfgang (2015) “Aspects of Udi-Iranian Language Contact”, in Uwe Bläsing, Victoria Arakelova and Matthias Weinreich, editors, Studies on Iran and the Caucasus: In honour of Garnik Asatrian, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, page 387 of 373–401
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