кресати
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krěsati, *kresati (compare Russian кресать (kresát’), Polish krzosać).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]крѐсати impf (Latin spelling krèsati)
- (transitive) to prune, trim, cut, clip
- кресати гране ― to trim branches
- кресати стабло/дрво ― to prune a tree
- (transitive, slang) to have sex
- кресао сам му сестру док је био на љетовању/летовању. ― I was having sex with his sister while he was on vacation.
- (transitive) to reduce, cut, decrease
- кресали смо буџет све док га нисмо уравнотежили. ― We kept cutting the budget until we balanced it.
- (transitive, with dative) to speak openly and harshly
- немој ми кресати те глупости у брк! ― Stop telling me that nonsense to my face!
Conjugation
[edit]1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
4 Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
*Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- кре̏снути pf
References
[edit]- “кресати”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
- “кресати”, in Речник српскохрватскога књижевног језика [Rečnik srpskohrvatskoga književnog jezika, Dictionary of the Serbo-Croatian Literary Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), Друго фототипско издање [Second Phototype Edition], volume 2, Novi Sad; Zagreb: Matica srpska; Matica hrvatska, 1967–1976, published 1990, page 55
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Ruthenian креса́ти (kresáti), from Proto-Slavic *kresati.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]креса́ти • (kresáty) impf
- (transitive) to strike fire
- (transitive) to strike sparks
- (transitive) to hit, to strike
- (transitive, figuratively, colloquial) to perform enthusiastically
- (intransitive, colloquial) to sparkle, to flash
Conjugation
[edit]| imperfective aspect | ||
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | креса́ти, креса́ть kresáty, kresátʹ | |
| participles | present tense | past tense |
| active | — | — |
| passive | — | — |
| adverbial | кре́шучи kréšučy |
креса́вши kresávšy |
| present tense | future tense | |
| 1st singular я |
крешу́ krešú |
креса́тиму kresátymu |
| 2nd singular ти |
кре́шеш kréšeš |
креса́тимеш kresátymeš |
| 3rd singular він / вона / воно |
кре́ше kréše |
креса́тиме kresátyme |
| 1st plural ми |
кре́шемо, кре́шем kréšemo, kréšem |
креса́тимемо, креса́тимем kresátymemo, kresátymem |
| 2nd plural ви |
кре́шете kréšete |
креса́тимете kresátymete |
| 3rd plural вони |
кре́шуть kréšutʹ |
креса́тимуть kresátymutʹ |
| imperative | singular | plural |
| first-person | — | креші́мо, креші́м krešímo, kreším |
| second-person | креши́ krešý |
креші́ть, креші́те krešítʹ, krešíte |
| past tense | singular | plural ми / ви / вони |
| masculine я / ти / він |
креса́в kresáv |
креса́ли kresály |
| feminine я / ти / вона |
креса́ла kresála | |
| neuter воно |
креса́ло kresálo | |
| compound tenses | construction | example |
| future1 (will do X) |
Future conjugation of бути + infinitive | він бу́де креса́ти vin búde kresáty |
| past perfect (had done X) |
Past conjugation of бути + past tense | він був креса́в vin buv kresáv |
| conditional (would do X) |
би + past tense | він би креса́в vin by kresáv |
1Can only be formed with an imperfective verb.
Derived terms
[edit]- ви́кресати pf (výkresaty), викре́шувати impf (vykréšuvaty)
- ви́кресатися pf (výkresatysja), викре́шуватися impf (vykréšuvatysja)
- вкреса́ти pf (vkresáty)
- закреса́ти pf (zakresáty)
- покреса́ти pf (pokresáty)
- скреса́ти pf (skresáty)
- укреса́ти pf (ukresáty)
References
[edit]- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кресати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “кресати”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Наукова думка; Український мовно-інформаційний фонд, →ISBN
- “кресати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection][1]
- “кресати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “кресати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua, Slovnyk.ua][2]
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian verbs
- Serbo-Croatian imperfective verbs
- Serbo-Croatian transitive verbs
- Serbo-Croatian terms with collocations
- Serbo-Croatian slang
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian verbs
- Ukrainian imperfective verbs
- Ukrainian transitive verbs
- Ukrainian colloquialisms
- Ukrainian intransitive verbs
- Ukrainian class 6c verbs
- Ukrainian class 6 verbs