برج

See also: ترخ, ترح, and ترج

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burd͡ʒ/

Noun

بُرْج • (burj) m (dual بُرْجَان (burjān), plural بُرُوج (burūj) or أَبْرَاج (ʔabrāj))

1. castle
2. citadel
3. tower

   بُرْج خَلِيفَة (burj ḵalīfa, “Khalifa Tower”) (dialect: borǰ khalīfa), initially named بُرْج دُبَيّ (burj dubayy, “Dubai Tower”).

4. constellation
5. spire
6. asterism
7. zodiac
8. sign of the zodiac

Declension

Declension of noun بُرْج (burj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرْج burj	الْبُرْج al-burj	بُرْج burj
Nominative	بُرْجٌ burjun	الْبُرْجُ al-burju	بُرْجُ burju
Accusative	بُرْجًا burjan	الْبُرْجَ al-burja	بُرْجَ burja
Genitive	بُرْجٍ burjin	الْبُرْجِ al-burji	بُرْجِ burji
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرْجَيْن burjayn	الْبُرْجَيْن al-burjayn	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Nominative	بُرْجَانِ burjāni	الْبُرْجَانِ al-burjāni	بُرْجَا burjā
Accusative	بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni	الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Genitive	بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni	الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرُوج‎; أَبْرَاج burūj‎; ʔabrāj	الْبُرُوج‎; الْأَبْرَاج al-burūj‎; al-ʔabrāj	بُرُوج‎; أَبْرَاج burūj‎; ʔabrāj
Nominative	بُرُوجٌ‎; أَبْرَاجٌ burūjun‎; ʔabrājun	الْبُرُوجُ‎; الْأَبْرَاجُ al-burūju‎; al-ʔabrāju	بُرُوجُ‎; أَبْرَاجُ burūju‎; ʔabrāju
Accusative	بُرُوجًا‎; أَبْرَاجًا burūjan‎; ʔabrājan	الْبُرُوجَ‎; الْأَبْرَاجَ al-burūja‎; al-ʔabrāja	بُرُوجَ‎; أَبْرَاجَ burūja‎; ʔabrāja
Genitive	بُرُوجٍ‎; أَبْرَاجٍ burūjin‎; ʔabrājin	الْبُرُوجِ‎; الْأَبْرَاجِ al-burūji‎; al-ʔabrāji	بُرُوجِ‎; أَبْرَاجِ burūji‎; ʔabrāji

Synonyms

• حِصْن (ḥiṣn)
• قَلْعَة (qalʕa), قِلْعَة (qilʕa)
• مَعْقِل (maʕqil)

Descendants

• Aramaic:
  • Classical Syriac: ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ)
• Azerbaijani: бүрҹ / bürc / بۆرج
• Georgian: ბურჯი (burǯi)
• Gujarati: બુરજ (burj)
• Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
• Kurdish: birc,
• Malay: buruj

• Maltese: borġ
• Middle Armenian: պուրճ (purč), պուրջ (purǰ), բուրջ (burǰ)
• Ottoman Turkish: برج (burc)
  • Turkish: burç, burc
• Persian: برج (borj)
• Punjabi: ਬੁਰਜ (buraj) / برج (burj)
• Rajasthani: बुरज (burj)
• Tajik: бурҷ (burj)
• Urdu: برج (burj)

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “برج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• "Burg" in D. N. MacKenzie (1986), A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “برج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.ri.d͡ʒa/

Verb

بَرِجَ • (barija) I, non-past يَبْرَجُ‎ (yabraju)

1. to be or become apparent, manifest or conspicuous, and high or elevated
2. to have large, beautiful eyes where the white entirely surrounds the black
3. (of one's condition) to become ample in respect of eating and drinking

Conjugation

Conjugation of

بَرِجَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun بَرَج)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						بَرَج baraj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						بَارِج bārij
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَرِجْتُ barijtu	بَرِجْتَ barijta	بَرِجَ barija		بَرِجْتُمَا barijtumā	بَرِجَا barijā		بَرِجْنَا barijnā	بَرِجْتُمْ barijtum	بَرِجُوا barijū
	f		بَرِجْتِ barijti	بَرِجَتْ barijat			بَرِجَتَا barijatā			بَرِجْتُنَّ barijtunna	بَرِجْنَ barijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبْرَجُ ʔabraju	تَبْرَجُ tabraju	يَبْرَجُ yabraju		تَبْرَجَانِ tabrajāni	يَبْرَجَانِ yabrajāni		نَبْرَجُ nabraju	تَبْرَجُونَ tabrajūna	يَبْرَجُونَ yabrajūna
	f		تَبْرَجِينَ tabrajīna	تَبْرَجُ tabraju			تَبْرَجَانِ tabrajāni			تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna	يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبْرَجَ ʔabraja	تَبْرَجَ tabraja	يَبْرَجَ yabraja		تَبْرَجَا tabrajā	يَبْرَجَا yabrajā		نَبْرَجَ nabraja	تَبْرَجُوا tabrajū	يَبْرَجُوا yabrajū
	f		تَبْرَجِي tabrajī	تَبْرَجَ tabraja			تَبْرَجَا tabrajā			تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna	يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبْرَجْ ʔabraj	تَبْرَجْ tabraj	يَبْرَجْ yabraj		تَبْرَجَا tabrajā	يَبْرَجَا yabrajā		نَبْرَجْ nabraj	تَبْرَجُوا tabrajū	يَبْرَجُوا yabrajū
	f		تَبْرَجِي tabrajī	تَبْرَجْ tabraj			تَبْرَجَا tabrajā			تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna	يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِبْرَجْ ibraj			اِبْرَجَا ibrajā				اِبْرَجُوا ibrajū
	f		اِبْرَجِي ibrajī							اِبْرَجْنَ ibrajna

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.rad͡ʒ/

Noun

بَرَج • (baraj) m

1. verbal noun of بَرِجَ (barija) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun بَرَج (baraj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَرَج baraj	الْبَرَج al-baraj	بَرَج baraj
Nominative	بَرَجٌ barajun	الْبَرَجُ al-baraju	بَرَجُ baraju
Accusative	بَرَجًا barajan	الْبَرَجَ al-baraja	بَرَجَ baraja
Genitive	بَرَجٍ barajin	الْبَرَجِ al-baraji	بَرَجِ baraji

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Azerbaijani

Noun

برج (bürc)

1. Alternative spelling of بۆرج

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Kurdish

Etymology

Borrowed from , from , from , ultimately from , with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Noun

1. tower
2. constellation
3. zodiac

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

برج • (burc)

1. tower
2. constellation
3. zodiac
4. sign of the zodiac

Descendants

• Turkish: burç

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Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brad͡ʒ/

Noun

برج • (braj) m (plural برجونه (brajuna))

1. tower

Declension

declension of برج

	singular		plural
direct	برج (braj)		برجونه (brajuna)
oblique	برج (braj)		برجونو (brajuno)
vocative	برجه (braja)		برجونو (brajuno)

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Persian

Etymology

Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Noun

برج • (borj) (plural برج‌ها (borj-hâ) or بروج)

Dari	برج
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бурҷ

1. steeple
2. tower
3. pylon
4. column
5. peel, keep
6. fort, castle
7. pinnacle
8. dovecote
9. star
10. constellation
11. zodiac
12. sign of the zodiac

Derived terms

• برجی (borji)

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Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

1. bastion
2. tower
3. turret
4. constellation
5. sign of the zodiac

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

برج • (burj) m (Hindi spelling बुर्ज)

1. bastion
2. tower
3. turret
4. constellation
5. sign of the zodiac