تم

See also: بم and ثم

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ت م م (t-m-m).

Pronunciation

• Verb: IPA^(key): /tam.ma/

Verb

تَمَّ • (tamma) I, non-past يَتِمُّ‎ (yatimmu)

1. to be fulfilled, to be completed
2. to come about, to happen
3. to take place
4. to persist (in) (with عَلَى (ʕalā))
5. to continue (something) (with عَلَى (ʕalā))

Usage notes

• Particularly in newspaper and media style, تَمَّ (tamma) is often used with a verbal noun as its subject to express the English passive:

تَمَّ ٱعْتِقالُ عَدَدٍ مِنَ ٱلْعَناصِرِ ٱلْإرْهابِيَّةِ فِي ٱلْقاهِرَةِ لَيْلَةَ ٱلْأَمْسِ.

tamma ʕtiqālu ʕadadin mina l-ʕanāṣiri l-ʔirhābiyyati fī l-qāhirati laylata l-ʔamsi.

A number of terrorist militants were arrested in Cairo last night.

Conjugation

Conjugation of

تَمَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ or تَمَام or تِمَام or تُمَام or تَمَامَة or تِمَامَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ or تَمَام or تِمَام or تُمَام or تَمَامَة or تِمَامَة tamm or timm or tumm or tamām or timām or tumām or tamāma or timāma
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَامّ tāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَتْمُوم matmūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَمَمْتُ tamamtu	تَمَمْتَ tamamta	تَمَّ tamma		تَمَمْتُمَا tamamtumā	تَمَّا tammā		تَمَمْنَا tamamnā	تَمَمْتُمْ tamamtum	تَمُّوا tammū
	f		تَمَمْتِ tamamti	تَمَّتْ tammat			تَمَّتَا tammatā			تَمَمْتُنَّ tamamtunna	تَمَمْنَ tamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتِمُّ ʔatimmu	تَتِمُّ tatimmu	يَتِمُّ yatimmu		تَتِمَّانِ tatimmāni	يَتِمَّانِ yatimmāni		نَتِمُّ natimmu	تَتِمُّونَ tatimmūna	يَتِمُّونَ yatimmūna
	f		تَتِمِّينَ tatimmīna	تَتِمُّ tatimmu			تَتِمَّانِ tatimmāni			تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna	يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتِمَّ ʔatimma	تَتِمَّ tatimma	يَتِمَّ yatimma		تَتِمَّا tatimmā	يَتِمَّا yatimmā		نَتِمَّ natimma	تَتِمُّوا tatimmū	يَتِمُّوا yatimmū
	f		تَتِمِّي tatimmī	تَتِمَّ tatimma			تَتِمَّا tatimmā			تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna	يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتِمَّ or أَتِمِّ or أَتْمِمْ ʔatimma or ʔatimmi or ʔatmim	تَتِمَّ or تَتِمِّ or تَتْمِمْ tatimma or tatimmi or tatmim	يَتِمَّ or يَتِمِّ or يَتْمِمْ yatimma or yatimmi or yatmim		تَتِمَّا tatimmā	يَتِمَّا yatimmā		نَتِمَّ or نَتِمِّ or نَتْمِمْ natimma or natimmi or natmim	تَتِمُّوا tatimmū	يَتِمُّوا yatimmū
	f		تَتِمِّي tatimmī	تَتِمَّ or تَتِمِّ or تَتْمِمْ tatimma or tatimmi or tatmim			تَتِمَّا tatimmā			تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna	يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تِمَّ or تِمِّ or اِتْمِمْ timma or timmi or itmim			تِمَّا timmā				تِمُّوا timmū
	f		تِمِّي timmī							اِتْمِمْنَ itmimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	تُمَّ tumma		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُتَمُّ yutammu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُتَمَّ yutamma		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُتَمَّ or يُتَمِّ or يُتْمَمْ yutamma or yutammi or yutmam		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ • (tamm or timm or tumm) m

1. verbal noun of تَمَّ (tamma) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm)‎; تِمّ (timm)‎; تُمّ (tumm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَمّ‎; تِمّ‎; تُمّ tamm‎; timm‎; tumm	التَّمّ‎; التِّمّ‎; التُّمّ at-tamm‎; at-timm‎; at-tumm	تَمّ‎; تِمّ‎; تُمّ tamm‎; timm‎; tumm
Nominative	تَمٌّ‎; تِمٌّ‎; تُمٌّ tammun‎; timmun‎; tummun	التَّمُّ‎; التِّمُّ‎; التُّمُّ at-tammu‎; at-timmu‎; at-tummu	تَمُّ‎; تِمُّ‎; تُمُّ tammu‎; timmu‎; tummu
Accusative	تَمًّا‎; تِمًّا‎; تُمًّا tamman‎; timman‎; tumman	التَّمَّ‎; التِّمَّ‎; التُّمَّ at-tamma‎; at-timma‎; at-tumma	تَمَّ‎; تِمَّ‎; تُمَّ tamma‎; timma‎; tumma
Genitive	تَمٍّ‎; تِمٍّ‎; تُمٍّ tammin‎; timmin‎; tummin	التَّمِّ‎; التِّمِّ‎; التُّمِّ at-tammi‎; at-timmi‎; at-tummi	تَمِّ‎; تِمِّ‎; تُمِّ tammi‎; timmi‎; tummi

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

تَمّ • (tamm) m

1. swan (Cygnus gen. et spp.)

Declension

Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَمّ tamm	التَّمّ at-tamm	تَمّ tamm
Nominative	تَمٌّ tammun	التَّمُّ at-tammu	تَمُّ tammu
Accusative	تَمًّا tamman	التَّمَّ at-tamma	تَمَّ tamma
Genitive	تَمٍّ tammin	التَّمِّ at-tammi	تَمِّ tammi

References

• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 206
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “تم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 315
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “تم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 117
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 187

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Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic ثَمَّ (ṯamma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /temː/
• IPA^(key): /tem.ma/

Adverb

تم • (temm or temma)

1. there

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Persian

Etymology 1

Middle Persian [script needed] (tom, tam, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), from *temH- (“dark”).

Noun

تم • (tam)

1. (archaic) darkness, blackness
2. a disease in the eye, the web or cataract on the pupil
3. any veil or covering

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French thème.

Noun

تم • (tem)

1. theme

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Urdu

Etymology

From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvám).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪ʊm/

Pronoun

تم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)

1. you, ye (mid level formality and grammatically plural)

Usage notes

• تم is the mid level formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing those of equal social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, آپ (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
• Because تم is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term تم لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to.

Declension

declension of تم

direct	تم (tum)
indirect	تم (tum)
ergative	تم نے (tumne)
genitive	تمہارا (tumhārā)
dative/ accusative	تمہیں (tumhẽ), تم کو (tum-ko)

See also

• آپ (āp, highest formality, grammatically plural)
• تو (tū, complete lack of human formality, grammatically singular)