كفر
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ك ف ر (k-f-r)
Verb
كَفَرَ • (kafara) I, non-past يَكْفُرُ (yakfuru)
- (intransitive or transitive with بِ) to disbelieve (in), to close oneself off to
-
- زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٱ ٱلْحَيَاةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ وَٱللّٰهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
- zuyyina lillaḏīna kafarū l-ḥayātu d-dunyā wayasḵarūna mina llaḏīna ʔāmanū wāllaḏīna ttaqaw fawqahum yawma l-qiyāmati wal-lāhu yarzuqu man yašāʔu biḡayri ḥisābin
- Beautified is the life of this world for those who disbelieve, and they mock at those who believe. But those who fear [Allah] are above them on the Day of Resurrection, and Allah begifts whom He wills without account.
-
- لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي ٱلدِّينِ ۖ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشْدُ مِنَ ٱلْغَيِّ ۚ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِٱلطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسْتَمْسَكَ بِٱلْعُرْوَةِ ٱلْوُثْقَىٰ لَا ٱنْفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
- lā ʾikrāha fī d-dīni qad tabayyana r-rušdu mina l-ḡayyi faman yakfur bi-ṭ-ṭāḡūti wayuʾmin bi-l-lahi faqadi stamsaka bi-l-ʿurwati l-wuṯqā lā nfiṣāma lahā wal-lahu samīʿun ʿalīmun
-
- (transitive or with بِ) to be ungrateful
-
- فَٱذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَٱشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ
- faḏkurūnī ʔaḏkurkum waškurū lī walā takfurūni
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
-
- (construed with بِ (bi)) to disclaim association with, to renounce
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
kufr or kufrān or kufūr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
kāfir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
makfūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kafartu |
kafarta |
كَفَرَ kafara |
kafartumā |
kafarā |
kafarnā |
kafartum |
kafarū | |||
f | kafarti |
kafarat |
kafaratā |
kafartunna |
kafarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔakfuru |
takfuru |
yakfuru |
takfurāni |
yakfurāni |
nakfuru |
takfurūna |
yakfurūna | |||
f | takfurīna |
takfuru |
takfurāni |
takfurna |
yakfurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔakfura |
takfura |
yakfura |
takfurā |
yakfurā |
nakfura |
takfurū |
yakfurū | |||
f | takfurī |
takfura |
takfurā |
takfurna |
yakfurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔakfur |
takfur |
yakfur |
takfurā |
yakfurā |
nakfur |
takfurū |
yakfurū | |||
f | takfurī |
takfur |
takfurā |
takfurna |
yakfurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ukfur |
ukfurā |
ukfurū |
||||||||
f | ukfurī |
ukfurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kufirtu |
kufirta |
كُفِرَ kufira |
kufirtumā |
kufirā |
kufirnā |
kufirtum |
kufirū | |||
f | kufirti |
kufirat |
kufiratā |
kufirtunna |
kufirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukfaru |
tukfaru |
yukfaru |
tukfarāni |
yukfarāni |
nukfaru |
tukfarūna |
yukfarūna | |||
f | tukfarīna |
tukfaru |
tukfarāni |
tukfarna |
yukfarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukfara |
tukfara |
yukfara |
tukfarā |
yukfarā |
nukfara |
tukfarū |
yukfarū | |||
f | tukfarī |
tukfara |
tukfarā |
tukfarna |
yukfarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukfar |
tukfar |
yukfar |
tukfarā |
yukfarā |
nukfar |
tukfarū |
yukfarū | |||
f | tukfarī |
tukfar |
tukfarā |
tukfarna |
yukfarna |
Antonyms
Verb
كَفَرَ • (kafara) I, non-past يَكْفُرُ or يَكْفِرُ (yakfuru or yakfiru)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
كَفْر kafr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
kāfir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
makfūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kafartu |
kafarta |
كَفَرَ kafara |
kafartumā |
kafarā |
kafarnā |
kafartum |
kafarū | |||
f | kafarti |
kafarat |
kafaratā |
kafartunna |
kafarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔakfuru or ʔakfiru |
takfuru or takfiru |
yakfuru or yakfiru |
takfurāni or takfirāni |
yakfurāni or yakfirāni |
nakfuru or nakfiru |
takfurūna or takfirūna |
yakfurūna or yakfirūna | |||
f | takfurīna or takfirīna |
takfuru or takfiru |
takfurāni or takfirāni |
takfurna or takfirna |
yakfurna or yakfirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔakfura or ʔakfira |
takfura or takfira |
yakfura or yakfira |
takfurā or takfirā |
yakfurā or yakfirā |
nakfura or nakfira |
takfurū or takfirū |
yakfurū or yakfirū | |||
f | takfurī or takfirī |
takfura or takfira |
takfurā or takfirā |
takfurna or takfirna |
yakfurna or yakfirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔakfur or ʔakfir |
takfur or takfir |
yakfur or yakfir |
takfurā or takfirā |
yakfurā or yakfirā |
nakfur or nakfir |
takfurū or takfirū |
yakfurū or yakfirū | |||
f | takfurī or takfirī |
takfur or takfir |
takfurā or takfirā |
takfurna or takfirna |
yakfurna or yakfirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ukfur or ikfir |
ukfurā or ikfirā |
ukfurū or ikfirū |
||||||||
f | ukfurī or ikfirī |
ukfurna or ikfirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kufirtu |
kufirta |
كُفِرَ kufira |
kufirtumā |
kufirā |
kufirnā |
kufirtum |
kufirū | |||
f | kufirti |
kufirat |
kufiratā |
kufirtunna |
kufirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukfaru |
tukfaru |
yukfaru |
tukfarāni |
yukfarāni |
nukfaru |
tukfarūna |
yukfarūna | |||
f | tukfarīna |
tukfaru |
tukfarāni |
tukfarna |
yukfarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukfara |
tukfara |
yukfara |
tukfarā |
yukfarā |
nukfara |
tukfarū |
yukfarū | |||
f | tukfarī |
tukfara |
tukfarā |
tukfarna |
yukfarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukfar |
tukfar |
yukfar |
tukfarā |
yukfarā |
nukfar |
tukfarū |
yukfarū | |||
f | tukfarī |
tukfar |
tukfarā |
tukfarna |
yukfarna |
Noun
كُفْر • (kufr) m
- verbal noun of كَفَرَ (kafara) (form I)
Declension
Noun
كَفْر • (kafr) m
Declension
Verb
كَفَّرَ • (kaffara) II, non-past يُكَفِّرُ (yukaffiru)
- to cover, hide
- to expiate, do penance, atone
- to forgive, grant pardon
- to make an infidel, seduce to unbelief
- to accuse of infidelity, charge with unbelief
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
takfīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mukaffir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mukaffar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kaffartu |
kaffarta |
كَفَّرَ kaffara |
kaffartumā |
kaffarā |
kaffarnā |
kaffartum |
kaffarū | |||
f | kaffarti |
kaffarat |
kaffaratā |
kaffartunna |
kaffarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukaffiru |
tukaffiru |
yukaffiru |
tukaffirāni |
yukaffirāni |
nukaffiru |
tukaffirūna |
yukaffirūna | |||
f | tukaffirīna |
tukaffiru |
tukaffirāni |
tukaffirna |
yukaffirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukaffira |
tukaffira |
yukaffira |
tukaffirā |
yukaffirā |
nukaffira |
tukaffirū |
yukaffirū | |||
f | tukaffirī |
tukaffira |
tukaffirā |
tukaffirna |
yukaffirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukaffir |
tukaffir |
yukaffir |
tukaffirā |
yukaffirā |
nukaffir |
tukaffirū |
yukaffirū | |||
f | tukaffirī |
tukaffir |
tukaffirā |
tukaffirna |
yukaffirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | كَفِّرْ kaffir |
kaffirā |
kaffirū |
||||||||
f | kaffirī |
kaffirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | kuffirtu |
kuffirta |
كُفِّرَ kuffira |
kuffirtumā |
kuffirā |
kuffirnā |
kuffirtum |
kuffirū | |||
f | kuffirti |
kuffirat |
kuffiratā |
kuffirtunna |
kuffirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔukaffaru |
tukaffaru |
yukaffaru |
tukaffarāni |
yukaffarāni |
nukaffaru |
tukaffarūna |
yukaffarūna | |||
f | tukaffarīna |
tukaffaru |
tukaffarāni |
tukaffarna |
yukaffarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔukaffara |
tukaffara |
yukaffara |
tukaffarā |
yukaffarā |
nukaffara |
tukaffarū |
yukaffarū | |||
f | tukaffarī |
tukaffara |
tukaffarā |
tukaffarna |
yukaffarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔukaffar |
tukaffar |
yukaffar |
tukaffarā |
yukaffarā |
nukaffar |
tukaffarū |
yukaffarū | |||
f | tukaffarī |
tukaffar |
tukaffarā |
tukaffarna |
yukaffarna |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Aramaic כַּפְרָא / ܟܰܦܪܳܐ (kap̄rā, “village, open town, unfortified town”), from Akkadian 𒅗𒀊𒊒 (kapru, “farm, village; a settlement outside of a city”), considered to represent a word particular to the non-Akkadian “Mari language”, that is to be formed either in the unknown East Semitic or the unknown Amorite language spoken there. Probably originally meaning an agricultural storage-room, doublet of غَفْر (ḡafr), related to the meaning of “covering” connecting the roots غ ف ر (ḡ-f-r), כ־פ־ר (k-p-r). Compare Hebrew כְּפָר (kp̄ār, “village”).
Noun
كَفْر • (kafr) m (plural كُفُور (kufūr))
- open, town, village, suburb
- 7th century CE, Al-ʾAdab al-Mufrad, 30:42:
- لَا تَسْكُنِ الْكُفُورَ، فَإِنَّ سَاكِنَ الْكُفُورِ كَسَاكِنِ الْقُبُورِ
- lā taskuni l-kufūra, faʔinna sākina l-kufūri kasākini l-qubūri
- Don’t dwell in the suburbs, for he who dwells in the suburbs is like a dweller of the graves.
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَفْر kafr |
الْكَفْر al-kafr |
كَفْر kafr |
Nominative | كَفْرٌ kafrun |
الْكَفْرُ al-kafru |
كَفْرُ kafru |
Accusative | كَفْرًا kafran |
الْكَفْرَ al-kafra |
كَفْرَ kafra |
Genitive | كَفْرٍ kafrin |
الْكَفْرِ al-kafri |
كَفْرِ kafri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | كَفْرَيْن kafrayn |
الْكَفْرَيْن al-kafrayn |
كَفْرَيْ kafray |
Nominative | كَفْرَانِ kafrāni |
الْكَفْرَانِ al-kafrāni |
كَفْرَا kafrā |
Accusative | كَفْرَيْنِ kafrayni |
الْكَفْرَيْنِ al-kafrayni |
كَفْرَيْ kafray |
Genitive | كَفْرَيْنِ kafrayni |
الْكَفْرَيْنِ al-kafrayni |
كَفْرَيْ kafray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كُفُور kufūr |
الْكُفُور al-kufūr |
كُفُور kufūr |
Nominative | كُفُورٌ kufūrun |
الْكُفُورُ al-kufūru |
كُفُورُ kufūru |
Accusative | كُفُورًا kufūran |
الْكُفُورَ al-kufūra |
كُفُورَ kufūra |
Genitive | كُفُورٍ kufūrin |
الْكُفُورِ al-kufūri |
كُفُورِ kufūri |
Usage notes
Not retained anymore except in place-names.
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Aramaic כּוּפְרָא / ܭܽܘܦܪܳܐ (kūp̄rā, “pitch, tar; asphalt”), from Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”), from Akkadian 𒅗𒉺𒊒 (kapāru, “to smear or daub on”). Doublet of غُفْرَان (ḡufrān). Compare Old Armenian կուպր (kupr), a Semitic borrowing.
Noun
كُفْر • (kufr) m
Declension
References
- “kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “kpwr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “كفر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 476–477
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 150
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 281
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “كفر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 46–47
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كفر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 913–914
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “كفر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2620–2621
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كفر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[5], London: W.H. Allen, page 890
- Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “كفر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache[6] (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 585–586
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “كفر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 975
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “كفر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[7] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1110
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
From the Arabic root ك ف ر (k-f-r).
Pronunciation 1
Noun
كَفَر • (kafar) m (plural كَفَرات (kafarāt))
Verb
كَفَر • (kafar) third-person masculine singular past of يِكْفُر
- He disbelieved
Pronunciation 2
Noun
كُفُر • (kufur) m pl
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ك ف ر
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs by conjugation
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs
- Arabic intransitive verbs
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Akkadian
- Arabic terms derived from East Semitic languages
- Arabic terms derived from Amorite
- Arabic doublets
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- ar:Gums and resins
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic nouns
- Hijazi Arabic masculine nouns
- Hijazi Arabic verbs
- Hijazi Arabic pluralia tantum