نشان

See also: نشأن

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نِشَان (nišān, “sign, mark”).

Noun

نشان • (nişan)

1. sign, mark, symbol, indicator

   Synonyms: اشارت (işaret), علامت (ʼalamet)

2. thing set up, as a post or pillar
3. stamp, an indentation or imprint made by stamping

   Synonym: تمغا (tamga)

4. target, a butt or mark to shoot at

   Synonyms: آماج (amaç), غرض (ğaraz), هدف (hedef)

5. aim, the pointing of a weapon
6. decoration worn as an honor
7. royal cypher usually set over letters-patent, public buildings, etc.

   Synonym: علامت (ʼalamet)

8. token given by a man to his betrothed upon the formal betrothal

Derived terms

• نشانجی (nişancı, “marksman”)
• نشانسز (nişansız, “without a sign”)
• نشانلاتمق (nişanlatmak, “to make or let be marked”)
• نشانلامق (nişanlamak, “to mark; to take aim at”)
• نشانلانمق (nişanlanmak, “to become a mark or sign”)
• نشانلو (nişanlı, “marked with a sign”)
• نشانگاه (nişangah, “rearsight”)
• نشانگچ (nişangeç, “a joiner's tool”)
• نشانگیر (nişangir, “one who takes notes”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: nişan
• → Albanian: nishan
• → Armenian: նիշան (nišan)
• → Bulgarian: ниша́н (nišán)
• → French: nichan
• → Greek: νισάνι (nisáni)
• → Macedonian: нишан (nišan)
• → Old East Slavic: нишанъ (nišanŭ)
  • → Russian: ниша́н (nišán)
• → Romanian: nișam
• → Serbo-Croatian: nìšan / нѝшан

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “nişan2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3552
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “نشان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 479a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نشان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1275
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Signum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1554
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نشان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 5180
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “nişan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نشان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2084

Persian

Alternative forms

• نیشان (nišân)

Etymology

From earlier نِیشَان (nīšān), from Middle Persian [script needed] (nyšʾn' /⁠nīšān⁠/, “sign, mark, banner”) (compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫗𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫗 (nyšʾn /⁠nīšān⁠/), Old Armenian նշան (nšan), Old Georgian ნიშანი (nišani), Northern Kurdish nîşan, Central Kurdish نیشان (nîşan)), from [script needed] (nyš /⁠nīš-⁠/) (compare Old Armenian նիշ (niš), Old Georgian ნიში (niši), Classical Syriac ܢܝܫܐ (nīšāʾ), Hebrew נֵס (nēs), loanwords from Iranian). See the Middle Persian for more.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɔːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ne.ʃɒːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	nišān
Dari reading?	nišān
Iranian reading?	nešân
Tajik reading?	nišon

Noun

Dari	نشان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	нишон

نشان • (nešân) (plural نشان‌ها (nešân-hâ))

1. sign, mark
2. aim, target, butt
3. medal, order, decoration
4. banner, flag, standard, ensign
5. coat of arms

Derived terms

• نشانه (nešâne)
• ‌ نشانگر (nešângar)
• نشانی (nešâni)
• بی‌نشان (bê-nešân)
• بدنشان (bad-nešân)
• نشان دادن (nešân dâdan)
• نشان کردن (nešân kardan)
• نشان‌شناسی (nešân-šenâsi)
• خط و نشان کشیدن (xatt-o-nešân kešidan)

Descendants

(some may be from Middle Persian)

• → Arabic: نِيشَان (nīšān)
• → Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܢܝܫܢܐ (nīšānā)

  Classical Mandaic: ࡍࡉࡔࡀࡍ (nišan)

• → Azerbaijani: nişan
• → Bengali: নিশান (niśan)
• → Crimean Tatar: nişan
• → Kazakh: нысан (nysan), нышан (nyşan), нысана (nysana)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: निशान (niśān)

  Urdu: نِشان (niśān)

• → Malay: nisan
  • Indonesian: nisan
• → Marathi: निशाण (niśāṇ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: نشان (nişan)
  • Turkish: nişan
  • → Albanian: nishan
  • → Armenian: նիշան (nišan)
  • → Bulgarian: ниша́н (nišán)
  • → French: nichan
  • → Greek: νισάνι (nisáni)
  • → Macedonian: нишан (nišan)
  • → Old East Slavic: нишанъ (nišanŭ)
    • → Russian: ниша́н (nišán)
  • → Romanian: nișam
  • → Serbo-Croatian: nìšan / нѝшан
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ (nišān)

  Shahmukhi script: نشان (nišān)

• → Turkmen: nyşan
• → Uzbek: nishon

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “نشان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “nīšān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نِشَان (nišān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /nɪ.ʃɑːn/

Noun

نشان • (niśān) m (Hindi spelling निशान)

1. sign, symbol
2. mark, impression, scar
3. trace, clue, vestige
4. ensign, standard
5. decoration, medal

Related terms

• نشانہ (niśānā)
• نشانی (niśānī)