भेद

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भेद (bheda).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /bʱeːd̪/

Noun

भेद • (bhed) m (Urdu spelling بھید)

1. differentiation, difference
2. discrimination [with में (mẽ) ‘between’]
3. a secret, mystery

   Synonyms: रहस्य (rahasya), राज़ (rāz)

4. division, split
5. splitting, fissure

Declension

Declension of भेद (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	भेद bhed	भेद bhed
oblique	भेद bhed	भेदों bhedõ
vocative	भेद bhed	भेदो bhedo

Derived terms

• भेद करना (bhed karnā, “to differentiate”)
• भेद खोलना (bhed kholnā, “to reveal”)
• भेद लेना (bhed lenā, “to probe”)
• भेदिया (bhediyā, “spy”)

Related terms

• अर्थभेद (arthabhed, “distinction in meaning”)
• गृहभेद (gŕhbhed, “domestic quarrelling”)
• जातिभेद (jātibhed, “casteism”)
• भेदक (bhedak, “dividing”)
• भेदना (bhednā, “to invade”)
• भेदभाव (bhedbhāv, “discrimination”)
• भेदित (bhedit, “divided”)
• भेदी (bhedī, “piercing, dividing”)
• भेद्य (bhedya, “vulnerable”)
• मतभेद (matbhed, “discordance, difference in opinion”)
• रंगभेद (raṅgbhed, “apartheid”)
• लिंगभेद (liṅgbhed, “sexism”)
• शब्दभेद (śabdabhed, “part of speech”)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “भेद”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

From Sanskrit भेद (bheda, “contrast, difference”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bʱed̪/

Noun

भेद • (bhed) m

1. (formal, literary) differentiation, discrimination
2. difference

   Synonyms: फरक (pharak), अंतर (antar)

Declension

Declension of भेद (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	भेद bhed
direct plural	भेद bhed
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	भेद bhed		भेद bhed
oblique सामान्यरूप	भेदा bhedā		भेदां- bhedān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	भेदाला bhedālā		भेदांना bhedānnā
ergative	भेदाने, भेदानं bhedāne, bhedāna		भेदांनी bhedānnī
instrumental	भेदाशी bhedāśī		भेदांशी bhedānśī
locative सप्तमी	भेदात bhedāt		भेदांत bhedāt
vocative संबोधन	भेदा bhedā		भेदांनो bhedānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of भेद (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	भेदाचा bhedāċā	भेदाचे bhedāċe	भेदाची bhedācī	भेदाच्या bhedācā	भेदाचे, भेदाचं bhedāċe, bhedāċa	भेदाची bhedācī	भेदाच्या bhedācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	भेदांचा bhedānċā	भेदांचे bhedānċe	भेदांची bhedāñcī	भेदांच्या bhedāncā	भेदांचे, भेदांचं bhedānċe, bhedānċa	भेदांची bhedāñcī	भेदांच्या bhedāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• जातिभेद (jātibhed, “caste discrimination”)
• भेदभाव (bhedbhāv, “discrimination”)
• भेदाभेद (bhedābhed, “discrimination”)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• bheda (Latin script)
• 𑀪𑁂𑀤 (Brahmi script)
• ভেদ (Bengali script)
• භෙද (Sinhalese script)
• ဘေဒ or ꧤေၻ (Burmese script)
• เภท or เภทะ (Thai script)
• ᨽᩮᨴ (Tai Tham script)
• ເຠທ or ເຠທະ (Lao script)
• ភេទ (Khmer script)
• 𑄞𑄬𑄘 (Chakma script)

Noun

भेद m

1. Devanagari script form of bheda (“breaking”)

Declension

Declension table of "भेद" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भेदो (bhedo)	भेदा (bhedā)
Accusative (second)	भेदं (bhedaṃ)	भेदे (bhede)
Instrumental (third)	भेदेन (bhedena)	भेदेहि (bhedehi) or भेदेभि (bhedebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भेदस्स (bhedassa) or भेदाय (bhedāya) or भेदत्थं (bhedatthaṃ)	भेदानं (bhedānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भेदस्मा (bhedasmā) or भेदम्हा (bhedamhā) or भेदा (bhedā)	भेदेहि (bhedehi) or भेदेभि (bhedebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भेदस्स (bhedassa)	भेदानं (bhedānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भेदस्मिं (bhedasmiṃ) or भेदम्हि (bhedamhi) or भेदे (bhede)	भेदेसु (bhedesu)
Vocative (calling)	भेद (bheda)	भेदा (bhedā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ভেদ (Assamese script)
• ᬪᬾᬤ (Balinese script)
• ভেদ (Bengali script)
• 𑰥𑰸𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀪𑁂𑀤 (Brahmi script)
• ဘေဒ (Burmese script)
• ભેદ (Gujarati script)
• ਭੇਦ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌭𑍇𑌦 (Grantha script)
• ꦨꦺꦢ (Javanese script)
• 𑂦𑂵𑂠 (Kaithi script)
• ಭೇದ (Kannada script)
• ភេទ (Khmer script)
• ເຠທ (Lao script)
• ഭേദ (Malayalam script)
• ᢨᡝᡩᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘥𑘹𑘟 (Modi script)
• ᠪᠾᠧᢑᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧅𑧚𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐨𑐾𑐡 (Newa script)
• ଭେଦ (Odia script)
• ꢩꢾꢣ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆨𑆼𑆢 (Sharada script)
• 𑖥𑖸𑖟 (Siddham script)
• භෙද (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩳𑩔𑩭 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚡𑚲𑚛 (Takri script)
• பே⁴த³ (Tamil script)
• భేద (Telugu script)
• เภท (Thai script)
• བྷེ་ད (Tibetan script)
• 𑒦𑒹𑒠 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨡𑨄𑨛 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”). Cognate with Latin findo, fissurus, Ancient Greek φείδομαι (pheídomai), Old English bītan (English bite).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɐj.dɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bʱeː.d̪ɐ/

Noun

भे॒द • (bhedá) stem, m

1. cleft, partition, splitting, fissure
2. contrast, distinction, difference
3. division, disunion
4. (in the dual) external female genitalia; the vulva
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.112.4:

     अश्वो॒ वोळ्हा॑ सु॒खं रथं॑ हस॒नाम् उ॑पम॒न्त्रिणः॑ ।
     शेपो॒ रोम॑ण्वन्तौ भे॒दौ वार् इन् म॒ण्डूक॑ इच्छ॒तीन्द्रा॑येन्दो॒ परि॑ स्रव ॥

     áśvo vóḷhā sukháṃ ráthaṃ hasanā́m upamantríṇaḥ.
     śépo rómaṇvantau bhedáu vā́r ín maṇḍū́ka icchatī́ndrāyendo pári srava.

     The draft-horse desires a cart easy to draw, while the jesters desire laughing and joking.
     The penis desires the hairy cleft [vulva], while the frog desires water. Flow Indu, flow for Indra's sake.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of भे॒द

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	भे॒दः (bhedáḥ)	भे॒दौ (bhedáu) भे॒दा¹ (bhedā́¹)	भे॒दाः (bhedā́ḥ) भे॒दासः॑¹ (bhedā́saḥ¹)
accusative	भे॒दम् (bhedám)	भे॒दौ (bhedáu) भे॒दा¹ (bhedā́¹)	भे॒दान् (bhedā́n)
instrumental	भे॒देन॑ (bhedéna)	भे॒दाभ्या॑म् (bhedā́bhyām)	भे॒दैः (bhedáiḥ) भे॒देभिः॑¹ (bhedébhiḥ¹)
dative	भे॒दाय॑ (bhedā́ya)	भे॒दाभ्या॑म् (bhedā́bhyām)	भे॒देभ्यः॑ (bhedébhyaḥ)
ablative	भे॒दात् (bhedā́t)	भे॒दाभ्या॑म् (bhedā́bhyām)	भे॒देभ्यः॑ (bhedébhyaḥ)
genitive	भे॒दस्य॑ (bhedásya)	भे॒दयोः॑ (bhedáyoḥ)	भे॒दाना॑म् (bhedā́nām)
locative	भे॒दे (bhedé)	भे॒दयोः॑ (bhedáyoḥ)	भे॒देषु॑ (bhedéṣu)
vocative	भेद॑ (bhéda)	भेदौ॑ (bhédau) भेदा॑¹ (bhédā¹)	भेदाः॑ (bhédāḥ) भेदा॑सः¹ (bhédāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Hindi: भेद (bhed)
• Bengali: ভেদ (bhed)
• → Malay: beda, beza

• Indonesian: beda

• Marathi: भेद (bhed)
• → Old Javanese: bheda
  • Javanese: ꦧꦺꦢ (béda)
  • → Balinese: ᬪᬾᬤ → ᬩᬾᬤ (beda)
• Pali: bheda
  • → Khmer: ភេទ (pheit)
  • → Thai: เภท (pêet, “division, break, difference”)
• → Tagalog: bihira
• → Tamil: பேதம் (pētam)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “भेद”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 766.