शास्त्र

See also: शस्त्र

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-om

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćaHstram

Proto-Indo-Aryan *śaHstram

Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra)bor.

Hindi शास्त्र

Borrowed from Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːs.t̪ɾᵊ/, [ʃäːs.t̪ɾᵊ]

Noun

शास्त्र • (śāstra) m (Urdu spelling شاستر)

1. study; science
2. code, rule
3. (religion) sacred text, scripture

   Synonym: धर्मशास्त्र (dharmaśāstra)

   हिंदू शास्त्रों में लिखा है कि आत्मा सर्व जीवों में होती है।

   hindū śāstrõ mẽ likhā hai ki ātmā sarv jīvõ mẽ hotī hai.

   In the Hindu scriptures it is written that all living things have atman.

Declension

Declension of शास्त्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शास्त्र śāstra	शास्त्र śāstra
oblique	शास्त्र śāstra	शास्त्रों śāstrõ
vocative	शास्त्र śāstra	शास्त्रो śāstro

See also

• विज्ञान (vijñān)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “शास्त्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4735
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “शास्त्र”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 742
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शास्त्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 949
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शास्त्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 613.

Marathi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-om

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćaHstram

Proto-Indo-Aryan *śaHstram

Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra)bor.

Marathi शास्त्र

Borrowed from Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕas.t̪ɾə/

Noun

शास्त्र • (śāstra) n

1. study; science
2. code, rule
3. (religion) sacred text, scripture

Declension

Declension of शास्त्र (neut cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	शास्त्र śāstra	शास्त्रे, शास्त्रं śāstre, śāstra
oblique सामान्यरूप	शास्त्रा śāstrā	शास्त्रां- śāstrā̃-
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	शास्त्राला śāstrālā	शास्त्रांना śāstrānnā
ergative	शास्त्राने, शास्त्रानं śāstrāne, śāstrāna	शास्त्रांनी śāstrānnī
instrumental	शास्त्राशी śāstrāśī	शास्त्रांशी śāstrāuśī
locative सप्तमी	शास्त्रात śāstrāt	शास्त्रांत śāstrānta
vocative संबोधन	शास्त्रा śāstrā	शास्त्रांनो śāstrānno

Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of शास्त्र (neut cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	शास्त्राचा śāstrācā	शास्त्राचे śāstrāce	शास्त्राची śāstrācī	शास्त्राच्या śāstrācyā	शास्त्राचे, शास्त्राचं śāstrāce, śāstrāca	शास्त्राची śāstrācī	शास्त्राच्या śāstrācyā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	शास्त्रांचा śāstrāñcā	शास्त्रांचे śāstrāñce	शास्त्रांची śāstrāñcī	शास्त्रांच्या śāstrāñcyā	शास्त्रांचे, शास्त्रांचं śāstrāñce, śāstrāñca	शास्त्रांची śāstrāñcī	शास्त्रांच्या śāstrāñcyā

^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• जीवशास्त्र (jīvśāstra, “biology”)
• भाषाशास्त्र (bhāṣāśāstra, “linguistics”)
• भौतिकशास्त्र (bhautikśāstra, “physics”)
• रसायनशास्त्र (rasāyanśāstra, “chemistry”)
• शास्त्रज्ञ (śāstradnya, “scientist”)
• शास्त्रीय (śāstrīya, “classical”)

Nepali

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-om

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćaHstram

Proto-Indo-Aryan *śaHstram

Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra)bor.

Nepali शास्त्र

Borrowed from Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [säst̪rʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सास्त्र

Noun

शास्त्र • (śāstra)

1. field of study; discipline
2. religious laws or precepts

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শাস্ত্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• শাস্ত্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰯𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ၐာသ္တြ (Burmese script)
• શાસ્ત્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਾਸ੍ਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌾𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂰𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ (Kannada script)
• ឝាស្ត្រ (Khmer script)
• ຨາສ຺ຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• ശാസ്ത്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘰𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢗᠰᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧑𑧍𑧠𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐵𑐳𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଶାସ୍ତ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢯꢵꢱ꣄ꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆳𑆱𑇀𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖯𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ශාස‍්ත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩛𑪁 𑪙𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚭𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• ஶாஸ்த்ர (Tamil script)
• శాస్త్ర (Telugu script)
• ศาสฺตฺร (Thai script)
• ཤཱ་སྟྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒰𑒮𑓂𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨊𑨰𑩇𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śaHstram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćaHstram, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s-trom, from *ḱeh₁s- (“to teach”) +‎ *-trom (“tool suffix”). By surface analysis, from the root शास् (śās, “to inform, direct”) +‎ -त्र (-tra).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑːs.tɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɑːs̪.t̪ɾɐ/

Noun

शा॒स्त्र • (śāstrá) stem, n

1. order, command
2. precept, rule
3. teaching, instruction
4. advice, good counsel
5. any instrument of teaching, manual or compendium of rules
6. any book or treatise, especially religious or scientific
7. shastra, scripture
8. science, knowledge

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शा॒स्त्र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शा॒स्त्रम् (śāstrám)	शा॒स्त्रे (śāstré)	शा॒स्त्राणि॑ (śāstrā́ṇi) शा॒स्त्रा¹ (śāstrā́¹)
accusative	शा॒स्त्रम् (śāstrám)	शा॒स्त्रे (śāstré)	शा॒स्त्राणि॑ (śāstrā́ṇi) शा॒स्त्रा¹ (śāstrā́¹)
instrumental	शा॒स्त्रेण॑ (śāstréṇa)	शा॒स्त्राभ्या॑म् (śāstrā́bhyām)	शा॒स्त्रैः (śāstráiḥ) शा॒स्त्रेभिः॑¹ (śāstrébhiḥ¹)
dative	शा॒स्त्राय॑ (śāstrā́ya)	शा॒स्त्राभ्या॑म् (śāstrā́bhyām)	शा॒स्त्रेभ्यः॑ (śāstrébhyaḥ)
ablative	शा॒स्त्रात् (śāstrā́t)	शा॒स्त्राभ्या॑म् (śāstrā́bhyām)	शा॒स्त्रेभ्यः॑ (śāstrébhyaḥ)
genitive	शा॒स्त्रस्य॑ (śāstrásya)	शा॒स्त्रयोः॑ (śāstráyoḥ)	शा॒स्त्राणा॑म् (śāstrā́ṇām)
locative	शा॒स्त्रे (śāstré)	शा॒स्त्रयोः॑ (śāstráyoḥ)	शा॒स्त्रेषु॑ (śāstréṣu)
vocative	शास्त्र॑ (śā́stra)	शास्त्रे॑ (śā́stre)	शास्त्रा॑णि (śā́strāṇi) शास्त्रा॑¹ (śā́strā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• शास्त्रिन् (śāstrin, “learned”)

Descendants

• Pali: sattha
  • → Lao: ສາດ (sāt)
• → Hindi: शास्त्र (śāstra)
• → Old Khmer: ឝាស្ត្រ (śāstra)
  • Khmer: សាស្ត្រ (saah)
  • → Lao: ສາດ (sāt)
  • → Thai: ศาสตร์ (sàat), ศาสตร (sàat-dtrà-)
• → Malay: sastera
  • > Indonesian: sastra (inherited)
• → Malayalam: ശാസ്ത്രം (śāstraṁ), ചാത്തിരം (cāttiraṁ) (tadbhava)
• → Marathi: शास्त्र (śāstra)
• → Nepali: शास्त्र (śāstra)
• → Old Javanese: śāstra
  • Javanese: ꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (sastra)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra)
• → Tamil: சாஸ்திரம் (cāstiram)
• → Telugu: శాస్త్రము (śāstramu)
• → Tocharian B: śāstär

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “शास्त्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1069, column 1.