ἐπέχω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, hold”)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.pé.kʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eˈpe.kʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈpe.xo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈpe.xo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈpe.xo/
Verb
ἐπέχω • (epékhō)
- I have or hold upon
- New Testament, Epistle to the Philippians 2:16:
- λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες
- lógon zōês epékhontes
- holding forth the word of life
- λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες
- I hold out to, present, offer
- I direct towards, aim at
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 2.89:
- ἔπεχε νῦν σκοπῷ τόξον
- épekhe nûn skopôi tóxon
- Now direct your bow towards the mark
- ἔπεχε νῦν σκοπῷ τόξον
- (intransitive) I aim at, attack
- I direct my mind; I intend, purpose
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Aemilius Paulus 8:
- ἐπεῖχε τῷ πολέμῳ τὴν γνώμην
- epeîkhe tôi polémōi tḕn gnṓmēn
- he directed his thoughts to war
- ἐπεῖχε τῷ πολέμῳ τὴν γνώμην
- I stand facing (in battle)
- I hold back, keep in check; I withhold; I confine
- 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 866:
- Ἐτεοκλέους μὲν οὕνεκ᾽ ἂν κλῄσας στόμα χρησμοὺς ἐπέσχον
- For Eteocles I would have closed my lips and withheld all response
- Ἐτεοκλέους μὲν οὕνεκ᾽ ἂν κλῄσας στόμα χρησμοὺς ἐπέσχον
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cato the Younger 28:
- ἐπέσχε τῇ χειρὶ τὸ στόμα καὶ τὴν φωνὴν ἀπέκλεισεν
- epéskhe têi kheirì tò stóma kaì tḕn phōnḕn apékleisen
- but he covered his hand over his mouth and shut off his speech
- ἐπέσχε τῇ χειρὶ τὸ στόμα καὶ τὴν φωνὴν ἀπέκλεισεν
- I stay, adjourn, suspend
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.63.4:
- καὶ τὴν κατασκαφὴν ἐπέσχον
- kaì tḕn kataskaphḕn epéskhon
- they abstained from razing it
- καὶ τὴν κατασκαφὴν ἐπέσχον
- I stop, hinder from
- I stay, adjourn, suspend
- I wait, pause, refrain
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 697:
- ἐπίσχες ἔστ᾽ ἂν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ προσμάθῃς.
- Wait until you have learned the rest as well.
- ἐπίσχες ἔστ᾽ ἂν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ προσμάθῃς.
- (with genitive) I stop from
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.2.12:
- καὶ ὅπου ἂν ἀναπαύωνται ἢ ἐπίσχωσι τῆς πορείας
- kaì hópou àn anapaúōntai ḕ epískhōsi tês poreías
- And wherever they were to rest or halt from their march
- καὶ ὅπου ἂν ἀναπαύωνται ἢ ἐπίσχωσι τῆς πορείας
- (Scepticism) I suspend judgement, doubt
- I reach or extend over
- I have power over or occupy
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.62.4:
- πλὴν ὅσον ἂν ὁ πεζὸς ἡμῶν ἐπέχῃ
- plḕn hóson àn ho pezòs hēmôn epékhēi
- except as much as our troops occupy
- πλὴν ὅσον ἂν ὁ πεζὸς ἡμῶν ἐπέχῃ
- I prevail, predominate
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.5.6:
- τῶν ἐτησίων ἐπεχόντων
- tôn etēsíōn epekhóntōn
- while the Etesian winds prevail
- τῶν ἐτησίων ἐπεχόντων
Inflection
Present: ἐπέχω, ἐπέχομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεῖχον | ἐπεῖχες | ἐπεῖχε(ν) | ἐπείχετον | ἐπειχέτην | ἐπείχομεν | ἐπείχετε | ἐπεῖχον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπειχόμην | ἐπείχου | ἐπείχετο | ἐπείχεσθον | ἐπειχέσθην | ἐπειχόμεθᾰ | ἐπείχεσθε | ἐπείχοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπέχον | ἐπέχες | ἐπέχε(ν) | ἐπέχετον | ἐπεχέτην | ἐπέχομεν | ἐπέχετε | ἐπέχον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεχόμην | ἐπέχου | ἐπέχετο | ἐπέχεσθον | ἐπεχέσθην | ἐπεχόμεθᾰ | ἐπέχεσθε | ἐπέχοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Imperfect: ἐπέχεσκον, ἐπεχεσκόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπέχεσκον | ἐπέχεσκες | ἐπέχεσκε(ν) | ἐπεχέσκετον | ἐπεχεσκέτην | ἐπεχέσκομεν | ἐπεχέσκετε | ἐπέχεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεχεσκόμην | ἐπεχέσκου | ἐπεχέσκετο | ἐπεχέσκεσθον | ἐπεχεσκέσθην | ἐπεχεσκόμεθᾰ | ἐπεχέσκεσθε | ἐπεχέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐφέξω | ἐφέξεις | ἐφέξει | ἐφέξετον | ἐφέξετον | ἐφέξομεν | ἐφέξετε | ἐφέξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἐφέξοιμῐ | ἐφέξοις | ἐφέξοι | ἐφέξοιτον | ἐφεξοίτην | ἐφέξοιμεν | ἐφέξοιτε | ἐφέξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἐφέξομαι | ἐφέξῃ, ἐφέξει |
ἐφέξεται | ἐφέξεσθον | ἐφέξεσθον | ἐφεξόμεθᾰ | ἐφέξεσθε | ἐφέξονται | ||||
optative | ἐφεξοίμην | ἐφέξοιο | ἐφέξοιτο | ἐφέξοισθον | ἐφεξοίσθην | ἐφεξοίμεθᾰ | ἐφέξοισθε | ἐφέξοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐφέξειν | ἐφέξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐφέξων | ἐφεξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐφέξουσᾰ | ἐφεξομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐφέξον | ἐφεξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
Related terms
- ἐπῐσχεδόν (episkhedón)
- ἐπῐσχεσῐ́ᾱ (episkhesíā)
- ἐπῐ́σχεσῐς (epískhesis)
- ἐπῐσχετέον (episkhetéon)
- ἐπῐσχετῐκός (episkhetikós)
- ἐπῐσχημᾰτῐ́ζω (episkhēmatízō)
- ἐπῐσχῐ́ζω (episkhízō)
- ἐπῐ́σχῐσμᾰ (epískhisma)
- ἐπίσχω (epískhō)
- ἐποχεύς (epokheús)
- ἐποχή (epokhḗ)
- ἐφεκῐκός (ephekikós)
- ἐφεκτέον (ephektéon)
- ἐφεκτός (ephektós)
- ἔφεξῐς (éphexis)
Further reading
- “ἐπέχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπέχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐπέχω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐπέχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἐπέχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἐπέχω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1907 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible