ἴσος

See also: ίσος, ἵσος, ἶσος, ίσως, and ἴσως

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἶσος (îsos, with feminine ῑ̓́ση (ī́sē) sometimes augmented as ἐῑ̈́ση (eī̈́sē)) — Epic
• ῐ̔́σος (hĭ́sos) — Koine
• ϝίσϝος (wíswos) — Cretan, Arcadocypriot

Etymology

From ἶσος (îsos), itself from earlier *ϝῖσϝος (*wîswos), of disputed origin:

• The Cretan and Arcadocypriot forms suggest Proto-Hellenic *wíswos, perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“to separate”). In this case, compare Vedic Sanskrit विश्व (víśva, “all, every; whole, entire, universal”), Proto-Slavic *vьśь (“all; village”) and English with. Beekes rejects this derivation, as the Indo-European affix *-su- was apparently not retained in Greek.
• From an earlier *witˢwos, apparently from a zero-grade formation *wid-s- related to εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, know”).
• According to Meillet, from δύω (dúō, “two”) + a thematization of a suffix -τυ- (-tu-). This is semantically appealing and phonetically sound, but noticeably contrived.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /í.sos/ → /ˈi.sos/ → /ˈi.sos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /í.sos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.sos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.sos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.sos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.sos/

Adjective

ῐ̓́σος • (ĭ́sos) m (feminine ῐ̓́ση, neuter ῐ̓́σον); first/second declension

1. (of size, strength, or number) equal (to); equivalent (to); consistent (to); agreement (to) [with dative ‘something or someone’]
   1. the same as [with dative ‘something, someone’]

      Synonyms: αὐτός (autós), ὁμός (homós)

   2. (of appearance) like [with dative ‘something or someone’]
   3. (with implied reference point) like; similar
   4. (with pronoun) like his; like hers etc. (like the one that person has)
   5. repeated to denote relationship between equal persons or things

      ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα ― ísa pròs ísa ― tit for tat

2. (not comparable, mathematics) equal to [with dative ‘a number’]; (in the plural) equal (to each other)
3. (not comparable, geometry, of lines) of equal length; (of shapes) congruent; of equal area
4. just; fair
5. (of persons):
   1. impartial
   2. (comparable) equal in rights
6. (politics) based on the equality of rights
7. (rare) adequate
8. (of land) even; level; flat

Declension

First and second declension of ῐ̓́σος; ῐ̓́ση; ῐ̓́σον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ῐ̓́σος ĭ́sos	ῐ̓́ση ĭ́sē	ῐ̓́σον ĭ́son		ῐ̓́σω ĭ́sō	ῐ̓́σᾱ ĭ́sā	ῐ̓́σω ĭ́sō		ῐ̓́σοι ĭ́soi	ῐ̓́σαι ĭ́sai	ῐ̓́σᾰ ĭ́să
Genitive		ῐ̓́σου ĭ́sou	ῐ̓́σης ĭ́sēs	ῐ̓́σου ĭ́sou		ῐ̓́σοιν ĭ́soin	ῐ̓́σαιν ĭ́sain	ῐ̓́σοιν ĭ́soin		ῐ̓́σων ĭ́sōn	ῐ̓́σων ĭ́sōn	ῐ̓́σων ĭ́sōn
Dative		ῐ̓́σῳ ĭ́sōi	ῐ̓́σῃ ĭ́sēi	ῐ̓́σῳ ĭ́sōi		ῐ̓́σοιν ĭ́soin	ῐ̓́σαιν ĭ́sain	ῐ̓́σοιν ĭ́soin		ῐ̓́σοις ĭ́sois	ῐ̓́σαις ĭ́sais	ῐ̓́σοις ĭ́sois
Accusative		ῐ̓́σον ĭ́son	ῐ̓́σην ĭ́sēn	ῐ̓́σον ĭ́son		ῐ̓́σω ĭ́sō	ῐ̓́σᾱ ĭ́sā	ῐ̓́σω ĭ́sō		ῐ̓́σους ĭ́sous	ῐ̓́σᾱς ĭ́sās	ῐ̓́σᾰ ĭ́să
Vocative		ῐ̓́σε ĭ́se	ῐ̓́ση ĭ́sē	ῐ̓́σον ĭ́son		ῐ̓́σω ĭ́sō	ῐ̓́σᾱ ĭ́sā	ῐ̓́σω ĭ́sō		ῐ̓́σοι ĭ́soi	ῐ̓́σαι ĭ́sai	ῐ̓́σᾰ ĭ́să
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ῐ̓́σως ῐ̓́σον ῐ̓́σᾰ ĭ́sōs ĭ́son ĭ́să				ῐ̓σαίτερος ῐ̓σότερος ῐ̓σώτερος ĭsaíteros ĭsóteros ĭsṓteros				ῐ̓σαίτᾰτος ῐ̓σότᾰτος ῐ̓σώτᾰτος ĭsaítătos ĭsótătos ĭsṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ᾰ̓́νῐσος (ắnĭsos)
• ἔξῐσος (éxĭsos)
• ἐπ’ ῐ̓́σης (ep’ ĭ́sēs)
• ἐπῐ́σης (epĭ́sēs)
• ῐ̓́σᾰ (ĭ́să)
• Ῐ̓σᾰγόρᾱς (Ĭsăgórās)
• ῐ̓́ση (ĭ́sē)
• ῐ̓́σῐος (ĭ́sĭos)
• ῐ̓σοδαίμων (ĭsodaímōn)
• ῐ̓σοδῐ́αιτος (ĭsodĭ́aitos)
• ῐ̓σοδῠ́νᾰμος (ĭsodŭ́nămos)
• ῐ̓σόθεος (ĭsótheos)
• ῐ̓́σοι (ĭ́soi)
• ῐ̓σοκρᾰτής (ĭsokrătḗs)
• Ῐ̓σοκρᾰ́της (Ĭsokrắtēs)
• ῐ̓́σον (ĭ́son)
• ῐ̓σόπῠρον (ĭsópŭron)
• ῐ̓σότης (ĭsótēs)
• ῐ̓́σως (ĭ́sōs)
• ῐ̓́σωσῐς (ĭ́sōsĭs)
• ὡς ῐ̓σαίτᾰτᾰ (hōs ĭsaítătă)

Descendants

• Greek: ίσος (ísos)

Noun

ῐ̓́σος • (ĭ́sos) m or f (genitive ῐ̓́σου); second declension

1. (chiefly in the plural) an equal (person of equal status)

Declension

Second declension of ὁ / ἡ ῐ̓́σος; τοῦ / τῆς ῐ̓́σου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ / ἡ ῐ̓́σος ho / hē ĭ́sos	τὼ ῐ̓́σω tṑ ĭ́sō	οἱ / αἱ ῐ̓́σοι hoi / hai ĭ́soi
Genitive	τοῦ / τῆς ῐ̓́σου toû / tês ĭ́sou	τοῖν ῐ̓́σοιν toîn ĭ́soin	τῶν ῐ̓́σων tôn ĭ́sōn
Dative	τῷ / τῇ ῐ̓́σῳ tōî / tēî ĭ́sōi	τοῖν ῐ̓́σοιν toîn ĭ́soin	τοῖς / ταῖς ῐ̓́σοις toîs / taîs ĭ́sois
Accusative	τὸν / τὴν ῐ̓́σον tòn / tḕn ĭ́son	τὼ ῐ̓́σω tṑ ĭ́sō	τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓́σους toùs / tā̀s ĭ́sous
Vocative	ῐ̓́σε ĭ́se	ῐ̓́σω ĭ́sō	ῐ̓́σοι ĭ́soi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἴσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “ἴσος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2470 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • analogous idem, page 28.
  • commensurate idem, page 147.
  • corresponding idem, page 176.
  • disinterested idem, page 234.
  • equal idem, page 280.
  • equitable idem, page 280.
  • equivalent to idem, page 281.
  • even idem, page 284.
  • fair idem, page 302.
  • honest idem, page 404.
  • impartial idem, page 419.
  • just idem, page 466.
  • level idem, page 486.
  • like idem, page 491.
  • parallel idem, page 591.
  • right idem, page 714.
  • similar idem, page 776.
  • unbiassed idem, page 908.
  • unprejudiced idem, page 927.
  • upright idem, page 938.