からかう

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Japanese

Alternative spelling
揶揄う

Etymology

Attested in The Tale of the Heike (c. 1330).

The kara portion is likely cognate with 絡む (karamu, to become entangled; start a fight with, to pick a quarrel), 絡める (karameru, to entangle, to entwine), and 絡げる (karageru, to tie together in a sheave or bunch; to hitch up the hem of a robe or skirt); with an apparent underlying meaning of entanglement, bunch. The kau portion may be 交う (kau, to exchange; to mix).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "からかう"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
からかう らか [kàrákáꜜù]
Imperative (命令形) からかえ らか [kàrákáꜜè]
Key constructions
Passive からかわれる らかわれ [kàrákáwáréꜜrù]
Causative からかわせる らかわせ [kàrákáwáséꜜrù]
Potential からかえる らかえ [kàrákáéꜜrù]
Volitional からかおう らかお [kàrákáóꜜò]
Negative からかわない らかわない [kàrákáwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective からかわなかった らかわなかった [kàrákáwáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal からかいます らかいま [kàrákáímáꜜsù]
Perfective からかった らかった [kàrákáꜜttà]
Conjunctive からかって らかって [kàrákáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional からかえば らかえば [kàrákáꜜèbà]

Verb

からかう (karakauからかふ (karakafu)?transitive or intransitive godan (stem からかい (karakai), past からかった (karakatta))

  1. (transitive) to make fun of, to tease, to kid
    からかい上手(じょうず)(たか)()さん
    Karakai Jōzu no Takagi-san
    Skilled Teaser Takagi-san
    Synonyms: 嬲る (naburu), 揶揄する (yayu suru)
  2. (transitive, archaic) to resist
    Synonyms: 争う (arasou), 抵抗する (teikō suru)
  3. (intransitive, archaic) to be irresolute
    Synonyms: うじうじする (ujiuji suru), 揺蕩う (tayutau)
  4. (intransitive, archaic) to quarrel
    Synonym: 喧嘩する (kenka suru)

Conjugation

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN