壍

Translingual

Han character

壍 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水中土 (ELG) or 難水中土 (XELG), composition ⿱漸土)

1. moat around a city
2. a channel (waterway)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5542
• Dae Jaweon: page 480, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 497, character 8
• Unihan data for U+58CD

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		壍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	*zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	*zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	*zeːm, *zaːm
嶃	*zreːmʔ, *zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	*ʔsam, *zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	*zam, *zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiàn (qian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cim³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴
    • Yale: chyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cim³
    • Yale: chim
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsim³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qim³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tshjemH

Rime
Character	壍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七豔切
Baxter	tshjemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiamH/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiɛmH/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭɛmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cim3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰams/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壍
Reading #	1/1
No.	16808
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	壍
Old Chinese	/*sʰams/
Notes	見墨子，說文作塹，

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 壍

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

壍

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): ざん (zan)
• Kun: ほり (hori), あな (ana)