外面

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	face; side; surface face; side; surface; aspect; top
trad. (外面)		外	面
simp. #(外面)		外	面

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wàimiàn, wàimian

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, ㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вэмян (vemi͡an, III-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ min⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngoi-mien
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gōa-bīn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ghua⁷ ming⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wàimiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wàimiàn
    • Wade–Giles: wai⁴-mien⁴
    • Yale: wài-myàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: waymiann
    • Palladius: ваймянь (vajmjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (外面兒／外面儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wàimiànr
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wàimiànr
    • Wade–Giles: wai⁴-mien⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: wài-myànr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: waymiall
    • Palladius: ваймяньр (vajmjanʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wàimian
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wàimiån
    • Wade–Giles: wai⁴-mien⁵
    • Yale: wài-myan
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: way.mian
    • Palladius: ваймянь (vajmjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹ mi̯ɛn¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вэмян (vemi͡an, III-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vɛ⁴⁴ miæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngoi⁶ min⁶
    • Yale: ngoih mihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ min⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ min⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² miːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-mien
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoi mien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi⁴ mian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ mi̯en⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-bīn
    • Tâi-lô: guā-bīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxbin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² bin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ bin³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ bin³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ghua⁷ ming⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: guā mīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡua¹¹ miŋ¹¹/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 外面

1. exterior
2. outside; out

   外面刮著風。／外面刮着风。  ―  Wàimiàn guā zhe fēng.  ―  It's windy outside

   我被鎖在門外面了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我被锁在门外面了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ bèi suǒ zài mén wàimiàn le. [Pinyin]

   I was locked out.

Usage notes

Often implies away from one's home or hometown in a way that English outside does not.

Synonyms

• 外邊／外边 (wàibiān)
• (colloquial) 外頭／外头 (wàitou)
• (Cantonese) 出便, 出面 (chūmiàn)
• (Hakka) 外背
• (Min Nan) 外口, 口面, 口仔, 外爿, 口爿

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
外	面
がい Grade: 2	めん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

外(がい)面(めん) • (gaimen) 

1. exterior surface; outward appearance

Antonyms

• 内面(ないめん) (naimen)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
外	面
そと Grade: 2	つら > づら Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Noun

外(そと)面(づら) • (sotozura) 

1. exterior surface
2. the face one presents to others, one's outward personality

Antonyms

• 内面(うちづら) (uchizura)