察

See also: 詧

Translingual

Han character

察 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十月人火 (JBOF), four-corner 3090₁, composition ⿱宀祭)

Derived characters

• 擦

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7283
• Dae Jaweon: page 574, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 948, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5BDF

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Chinese

trad.		察
simp. #		察
alternative forms		⿱宀叉 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蔡	*sʰlaːds
瘵	*ʔsreːds
祭	*ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds
際	*ʔsleds
穄	*ʔsleds
鰶	*ʔsleds
傺	*hr'eds
摖	*sʰleːds
擦	*sʰlaːd
攃	*sʰlaːd, *saːd
礤	*sʰlaːd
察	*sʰreːd
詧	*sʰreːd, *sʰeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰreːd) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds) – study carefully at home.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chá (cha²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caat³
• Northern Min (KCR): chuŏi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chá
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chá
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa²
    • Yale: chá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: char
    • Palladius: ча (ča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caat³
    • Yale: chaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: cad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chuŏi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhat
    • Tâi-lô: tshat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰak̚²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 察
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰa³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰɑ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰa²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰa²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰa⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰa²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰa³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰa²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰa̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰaʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰɔ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰa²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰat̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰɑt̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰat̚³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐt̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sak̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tsrheat

Rime
Character	察
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	鎋 (75)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	初八切
Baxter	tsrheat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰæt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰat̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caat3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤret/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	察
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chá
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhɛt ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁret/
English	examine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	察
Reading #	1/1
No.	5849
Phonetic component	祭
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	𪙻
Old Chinese	/*sʰreːd/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 察

1. to examine; to investigate; to notice

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Japanese

Kanji

察

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. guess

Readings

• Go-on: せち (sechi)
• Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: しる (shiru, 察る); みる (miru, 察る); あきらか (akiraka, 察らか)

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Korean

Hanja

察 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 察 (sát, xét)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.