懈怠
Chinese
lax; negligent | idle; lazy; negligent idle; lazy; negligent; careless | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (懈怠) | 懈 | 怠 | |
simp. #(懈怠) | 懈 | 怠 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄉㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sièdài
- Wade–Giles: hsieh4-tai4
- Yale: syè-dài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiehday
- Palladius: седай (sedaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: haai6 toi5 / haai6 doi6
- Yale: haaih tóih / haaih doih
- Cantonese Pinyin: haai6 toi5 / haai6 doi6
- Guangdong Romanization: hai6 toi5 / hai6 doi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːi̯²² tʰɔːi̯¹³/, /haːi̯²² tɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hai-thai / hái-thái
- Hakka Romanization System: hai tai / hai` tai`
- Hagfa Pinyim: hai4 tai4 / hai3 tai3
- Sinological IPA: /hai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/, /hai̯³¹ tʰai̯³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
Adjective
(deprecated template usage) 懈怠
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
懈 | 怠 |
かい Hyōgaiji |
たい Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛX doiX, literally “idle + negligent”). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (law) laches: a kind of lapse wherein an opposing party has neglected to invoke its rights within a certain period of time
- (civil law) negligence
- laziness, idleness, carelessness
Usage notes
The Japanese Wikipedia article 懈怠 (法学) describing the legal laches and negligence senses uses the ketai reading. However, dictionaries tend to list kaitai as the primary reading for the legal senses.[1][2]
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
懈 | 怠 |
け Hyōgaiji |
たい Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛX doiX, literally “idle + negligent”). A mixed reading, so likely a later development within Japanese. Uses the goon of ke for the first half, and the kan'on of tai for the second half.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- laziness, idleness, carelessness
- (law) laches: a kind of lapse wherein an opposing party has neglected to invoke its rights within a certain period of time
- (civil law) negligence
- (Buddhism) spiritual slothfulness: kausidya
Usage notes
The kedai reading below is more common for the Buddhist spiritual slothfulness sense.
Synonyms
Verb
懈怠する • (ketai suru) suru (stem 懈怠し (ketai shi), past 懈怠した (ketai shita))
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 懈怠し | けたいし | ketai shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 懈怠し | けたいし | ketai shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 懈怠する | けたいする | ketai suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 懈怠する | けたいする | ketai suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 懈怠すれ | けたいすれ | ketai sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 懈怠せよ¹ 懈怠しろ² |
けたいせよ¹ けたいしろ² |
ketai seyo¹ ketai shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 懈怠される | けたいされる | ketai sareru | |
Causative | 懈怠させる 懈怠さす |
けたいさせる けたいさす |
ketai saseru ketai sasu | |
Potential | 懈怠できる | けたいできる | ketai dekiru | |
Volitional | 懈怠しよう | けたいしよう | ketai shiyō | |
Negative | 懈怠しない | けたいしない | ketai shinai | |
Negative continuative | 懈怠せず | けたいせず | ketai sezu | |
Formal | 懈怠します | けたいします | ketai shimasu | |
Perfective | 懈怠した | けたいした | ketai shita | |
Conjunctive | 懈怠して | けたいして | ketai shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 懈怠すれば | けたいすれば | ketai sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
懈 | 怠 |
け Hyōgaiji |
だい Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛX doiX, literally “idle + negligent”). The goon, so likely the original borrowing.
Pronunciation
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Noun
Usage notes
The ketai reading above is more common for the laziness sense.
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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