欲しい

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Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "欲しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 欲しく しく
[hóꜜshìkù]
[hòshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 欲しい [hòshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 欲しい [hòshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 欲しくない しくない
くない
[hóꜜshìkùnàì]
[hòshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 欲しかった しかった
かった
[hóꜜshìkàttà]
[hòshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 欲しくなかった しくなかった
くなかった
[hóꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[hòshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 欲しいです いです [hòshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 欲しくて しくて
くて
[hóꜜshìkùtè]
[hòshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 欲しければ しければ
ければ
[hóꜜshìkèrèbà]
[hòshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

()しい (hoshii-i (adverbial ()しく (hoshiku))

  1. want, desire, to need
    (わたし)はこの(ほん)()しいです。
    Watashi wa kono hon ga hoshii desu.
    I want this book.
  2. (after a - (-) verb form) to want someone to perform the verb
    彼女(かのじょ)()ってほしかった
    Kanojo ni katte hoshikatta.
    I wanted her to win.
    (See usage notes below.)

Inflection

Usage notes

  • About - + ほし.い:
    • The agent of the verb can be introduced by either (ni) or (ga).
      (むすめ)(わら)ってほしい
      musume ni waratte hoshii
      I want my daughter to have a happy face.
      (あめ)()ってほしい
      ame ga futte hoshii
      (Lit. "I want the rain to fall") I am waiting for a rain.
    • can be ambiguous when an indirect object, which also takes , is involved.
      佐藤(さとう)さん英語(えいご)(おし)えてほしい
      Satō-san ni eigo o oshiete hoshii
      I want someone to teach Sato English. (indirect object)
      I want Sato to teach English. (agent)
    • When the subject (the person that wants) is not the speaker, it is introduced by the topic maker (wa).
      (おや)(わたし)にもっとしっかりしてほしい
      oya wa watashi ni motto shikkari shite hoshii
      My parents want me to work harder.
    • ほし.い does not express the meaning "someone wants to do something themselves". In that case, the verb suffix たい is usually used instead. Compare:
      彼女(かのじょ)(かえ)たい
      kanojo wa kaeritai
      She wants to go home.
      彼女(かのじょ)(かえ)ってほしい
      kanojo wa kaette hoshii
      I want her to go home.
  • A verb denoting willingness ((ほっ)する (hossuru)) exists, but its usage is quite uncommon.
  • Depending on context, the usage of this word could be considered overly direct or childish.
  • When following the ない (nai) form of a verb + (de), this construction means "don't want you to".
    (きみ)(かえ)ないでほしい
    kimi wa kaeranaide hoshii
    I don't want you to go back.
  • This term is commonly spelled in hiragana, with the kanji spelling reserved for formal contexts.

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN