欲しい

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
欲
ほ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "欲しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 欲しく ほ​しく
ほし​く 		[hóꜜshìkù]
[hòshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 欲しい ほし​い [hòshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 欲しい ほし​い [hòshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 欲しくない ほ​しくない
ほし​くない 		[hóꜜshìkùnàì]
[hòshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 欲しかった ほ​しかった
ほし​かった 		[hóꜜshìkàttà]
[hòshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 欲しくなかった ほ​しくなかった
ほし​くなかった 		[hóꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[hòshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 欲しいです ほし​いです [hòshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 欲しくて ほ​しくて
ほし​くて 		[hóꜜshìkùtè]
[hòshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 欲しければ ほ​しければ
ほし​ければ 		[hóꜜshìkèrèbà]
[hòshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

欲(ほ)しい • (hoshii) -i (adverbial 欲(ほ)しく (hoshiku))

  1. want, desire, to need
    私(わたし)はこの本(ほん)が欲(ほ)しいです。
    Watashi wa kono hon ga hoshii desu.
    I want this book.
  2. (after a -て (-て) verb form) to want someone to perform the verb
    彼女(かのじょ)に勝(か)ってほしかった。
    Kanojo ni katte hoshikatta.
    I wanted her to win.
    (See usage notes below.)

Inflection

Inflection of 欲しい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 欲しかろ ほしかろ hoshikaro
Continuative (連用形) 欲しく ほしく hoshiku
Terminal (終止形) 欲しい ほしい hoshii
Attributive (連体形) 欲しい ほしい hoshii
Hypothetical (仮定形) 欲しけれ ほしけれ hoshikere
Imperative (命令形) 欲しかれ ほしかれ hoshikare
Key constructions
Informal negative 欲しくない ほしくない hoshiku nai
Informal past 欲しかった ほしかった hoshikatta
Informal negative past 欲しくなかった ほしくなかった hoshiku nakatta
Formal 欲しいです ほしいです hoshii desu
Formal negative 欲しくないです ほしくないです hoshiku nai desu
Formal past 欲しかったです ほしかったです hoshikatta desu
Formal negative past 欲しくなかったです ほしくなかったです hoshiku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 欲しくて ほしくて hoshikute
Conditional 欲しければ ほしければ hoshikereba
Provisional 欲しかったら ほしかったら hoshikattara
Volitional 欲しかろう ほしかろう hoshikarō
Adverbial 欲しく ほしく hoshiku
Degree 欲しさ ほしさ hoshisa
Classical conjugation of "欲し" (シク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 欲しく[1]
欲しから[2]		 ほしく
ほしから		 fosiku
fosikara
Continuative (連用形) 欲しく[1]
欲しかり[2]		 ほしく
ほしかり		 fosiku
fosikari
Terminal (終止形) 欲し ほし fosi
Attributive (連体形) 欲しき
欲しかる		 ほしき
ほしかる		 fosiki
fosikaru
Realis (已然形) 欲しけれ ほしけれ fosikere
Imperative (命令形) 欲しかれ ほしかれ fosikare
Key constructions
Negative 欲しからず ほしからず fosikarazu
Contrasting conjunction 欲しけれど ほしけれど fosikeredo
Causal conjunction 欲しければ ほしければ fosikereba
Conditional conjunction 欲しくば ほしくば fosikuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 欲しかりき ほしかりき fosikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 欲しかりけり ほしかりけり fosikarikeri
Adverbial 欲しく ほしく fosiku
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Usage notes

  • About -て + ほし.い:
    • The agent of the verb can be introduced by either に (ni) or が (ga).
      娘(むすめ)に笑(わら)ってほしい
      musume ni waratte hoshii
      I want my daughter to have a happy face.
      雨(あめ)が降(ふ)ってほしい
      ame ga futte hoshii
      (Lit. "I want the rain to fall") I am waiting for a rain.
    • に can be ambiguous when an indirect object, which also takes に, is involved.
      佐藤(さとう)さんに英語(えいご)を教(おし)えてほしい
      Satō-san ni eigo o oshiete hoshii
      I want someone to teach Sato English. (indirect object)
      I want Sato to teach English. (agent)
    • When the subject (the person that wants) is not the speaker, it is introduced by the topic maker は (wa).
      親(おや)は私(わたし)にもっとしっかりしてほしい
      oya wa watashi ni motto shikkari shite hoshii
      My parents want me to work harder.
    • ほし.い does not express the meaning "someone wants to do something themselves". In that case, the verb suffix たい is usually used instead. Compare:
      彼女(かのじょ)は帰(かえ)りたい
      kanojo wa kaeritai
      She wants to go home.
      彼女(かのじょ)は帰(かえ)ってほしい
      kanojo wa kaette hoshii
      I want her to go home.
  • A verb denoting willingness (欲(ほっ)する (hossuru)) exists, but its usage is quite uncommon.
  • Depending on context, the usage of this word could be considered overly direct or childish.
  • When following the ない (nai) form of a verb + で (de), this construction means "don't want you to".
    君(きみ)は帰(かえ)らないでほしい
    kimi wa kaeranaide hoshii
    I don't want you to go back.
  • This term is commonly spelled in hiragana, with the kanji spelling reserved for formal contexts.

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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