欲しい
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
欲 |
ほ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「欲しい」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 欲しく | ほしく ほしく |
[hóꜜshìkù] [hòshíꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | 欲しい | ほしい | [hòshíꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 欲しい | ほしい | [hòshíꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 欲しくない | ほしくない ほしくない |
[hóꜜshìkùnàì] [hòshíꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | 欲しかった | ほしかった ほしかった |
[hóꜜshìkàttà] [hòshíꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 欲しくなかった | ほしくなかった ほしくなかった |
[hóꜜshìkùnàkàttà] [hòshíꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | 欲しいです | ほしいです | [hòshíꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 欲しくて | ほしくて ほしくて |
[hóꜜshìkùtè] [hòshíꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 欲しければ | ほしければ ほしければ |
[hóꜜshìkèrèbà] [hòshíꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
欲しい • (hoshii) -i (adverbial 欲しく (hoshiku))
- want, desire, to need
- 私はこの本が欲しいです。
- Watashi wa kono hon ga hoshii desu.
- I want this book.
- 私はこの本が欲しいです。
- (after a -て verb form) to want someone to perform the verb
- 彼女に勝ってほしかった。
- Kanojo ni katte hoshikatta.
- I wanted her to win.
- (See usage notes below.)
- 彼女に勝ってほしかった。
Inflection
Inflection of 欲しい
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 欲しかろ | ほしかろ | hoshikaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 欲しく | ほしく | hoshiku |
Terminal (終止形) | 欲しい | ほしい | hoshii |
Attributive (連体形) | 欲しい | ほしい | hoshii |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 欲しけれ | ほしけれ | hoshikere |
Imperative (命令形) | 欲しかれ | ほしかれ | hoshikare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 欲しくない | ほしくない | hoshiku nai |
Informal past | 欲しかった | ほしかった | hoshikatta |
Informal negative past | 欲しくなかった | ほしくなかった | hoshiku nakatta |
Formal | 欲しいです | ほしいです | hoshii desu |
Formal negative | 欲しくないです | ほしくないです | hoshiku nai desu |
Formal past | 欲しかったです | ほしかったです | hoshikatta desu |
Formal negative past | 欲しくなかったです | ほしくなかったです | hoshiku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 欲しくて | ほしくて | hoshikute |
Conditional | 欲しければ | ほしければ | hoshikereba |
Provisional | 欲しかったら | ほしかったら | hoshikattara |
Volitional | 欲しかろう | ほしかろう | hoshikarō |
Adverbial | 欲しく | ほしく | hoshiku |
Degree | 欲しさ | ほしさ | hoshisa |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 欲しく[1] 欲しから[2] |
ほしく ほしから |
fosiku fosikara | |
Continuative (連用形) | 欲しく[1] 欲しかり[2] |
ほしく ほしかり |
fosiku fosikari | |
Terminal (終止形) | 欲し | ほし | fosi | |
Attributive (連体形) | 欲しき 欲しかる |
ほしき ほしかる |
fosiki fosikaru | |
Realis (已然形) | 欲しけれ | ほしけれ | fosikere | |
Imperative (命令形) | 欲しかれ | ほしかれ | fosikare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | 欲しからず | ほしからず | fosikarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | 欲しけれど | ほしけれど | fosikeredo | |
Causal conjunction | 欲しければ | ほしければ | fosikereba | |
Conditional conjunction | 欲しくば | ほしくば | fosikuba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 欲しかりき | ほしかりき | fosikariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 欲しかりけり | ほしかりけり | fosikarikeri | |
Adverbial | 欲しく | ほしく | fosiku | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
Usage notes
- About -て + ほし.い:
- The agent of the verb can be introduced by either に (ni) or が (ga).
- 娘に笑ってほしい
- musume ni waratte hoshii
- I want my daughter to have a happy face.
- 雨が降ってほしい
- ame ga futte hoshii
- (Lit. "I want the rain to fall") I am waiting for a rain.
- 娘に笑ってほしい
- に can be ambiguous when an indirect object, which also takes に, is involved.
- 佐藤さんに英語を教えてほしい
- Satō-san ni eigo o oshiete hoshii
- I want someone to teach Sato English. (indirect object)
I want Sato to teach English. (agent)
- 佐藤さんに英語を教えてほしい
- When the subject (the person that wants) is not the speaker, it is introduced by the topic maker は (wa).
- 親は私にもっとしっかりしてほしい
- oya wa watashi ni motto shikkari shite hoshii
- My parents want me to work harder.
- 親は私にもっとしっかりしてほしい
- ほし.い does not express the meaning "someone wants to do something themselves". In that case, the verb suffix たい is usually used instead. Compare:
- 彼女は帰りたい
- kanojo wa kaeritai
- She wants to go home.
- 彼女は帰ってほしい
- kanojo wa kaette hoshii
- I want her to go home.
- 彼女は帰りたい
- The agent of the verb can be introduced by either に (ni) or が (ga).
- A verb denoting willingness (欲する (hossuru)) exists, but its usage is quite uncommon.
- Depending on context, the usage of this word could be considered overly direct or childish.
- When following the ない (nai) form of a verb + で (de), this construction means "don't want you to".
- 君は帰らないでほしい
- kimi wa kaeranaide hoshii
- I don't want you to go back.
- 君は帰らないでほしい
- This term is commonly spelled in hiragana, with the kanji spelling reserved for formal contexts.
References
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 欲 read as ほ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese basic words