淆

Translingual

Han character

淆 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水大大月 (EKKB), four-corner 3412₇, composition ⿰氵肴)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 629, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17619
• Dae Jaweon: page 1031, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1654, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6DC6

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Chinese

trad.		淆
simp. #		淆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
崤	*ɢaːw, *ɢraːw
郩	*qaːwʔ
敎	*kraːw, *kraːws
較	*kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ
肴	*ɢraːw
淆	*ɢraːw
倄	*ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
爻	*ɢraːw
餚	*ɢraːw
殽	*ɢraːw
笅	*ɢraːw
駁	*praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : semantic 水 + phonetic 肴 (OC *ɢraːw).

Etymology

An endopassive derivative of 交 (OC *kreːw), with initial voicing (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiáo, yáo

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˊ, ㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaau⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gâu / ngâu / hâu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngao⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siáo
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao²
    • Yale: syáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyau
    • Palladius: сяо (sjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
    • Wade–Giles: yao²
    • Yale: yáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngaau⁴
    • Yale: ngàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâu
    • Tâi-lô: gâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gaau
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡau²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
    • Tâi-lô: ngâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ŋãu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãu¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâu
    • Tâi-lô: hâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haau
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /hau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hau¹³/

Note:

• gâu/ngâu - vernacular (俗);
• hâu - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ngao⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋau⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 淆
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑu³⁵/ /iɑu³⁵/
	Harbin	/iau²¹³/ /ʐau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/iɑu⁴⁵/ /ɕiɑu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/iɔ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/iau⁴²/
	Xi'an	/niau²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiau⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiau³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕiao²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɔ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɔo²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iau¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/iɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɔ³⁵/ /ɦiɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiæ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiɔ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiau¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiaɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋau¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/hɑu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋau²¹/
	Nanning	/ŋau²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ŋau²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋau⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋau²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ŋaũ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiau²³/

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• Middle Chinese: haew

Rime
Character	淆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡茅切
Baxter	haew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨw/
Li Rong	/ɣau/
Wang Li	/ɣau/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢraːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	淆
Reading #	1/1
No.	14646
Phonetic component	爻
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	肴
Old Chinese	/*ɢraːw/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 淆

1. confused; in disarray; mixed up

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Japanese

Kanji

淆

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō)
• Kun: まじる (majiru)

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Korean

Hanja

淆 (eum 효 (hyo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

淆: Hán Nôm readings: hào

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