炭素

Chinese

		charcoal	plain; element
trad. (炭素)		炭	素
simp. #(炭素)		炭	素

Etymology

Wasei kango (和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)語(ご)), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 炭(たん)素(そ) (tanso).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tànsù

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ ㄙㄨˋ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thòaⁿ-sò͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tànsù
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ ㄙㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tànsù
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴-su⁴
    • Yale: tàn-sù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tannsuh
    • Palladius: таньсу (tanʹsu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòaⁿ-sò͘
    • Tâi-lô: thuànn-sòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvoarsox
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ sɔ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ sɔ²¹/

Noun

炭素

1. (dated or Taiwanese Hokkien) carbon
   • 1925 February 10, 陳炳相, “炭素同化作用與人生”, in 學燈, page 2:

     有葉綠素之植物，能營最特別之炭素同化作用，乃植物製造食物之作用也。 [MSC, trad.]
     有叶绿素之植物，能营最特别之炭素同化作用，乃植物制造食物之作用也。 [MSC, simp.]

     Yǒu yèlǜsù zhī zhíwù, néng yíng zuì tèbié zhī tànsù tónghuà zuòyòng, nǎi zhíwù zhìzào shíwù zhī zuòyòng yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1926 September, 張基全 [Tiuⁿ Ki-chôan], “酒佮健康 [Chiú kap Kiān-khong]”, in 臺南府城教會報 [Tâi-lâm Hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò]‎^[1], page 7:

     卵白質，伊ê成分是炭素，水素，酸素，窒素，伊ê路用是會hō͘人ê身軀得著勢力，也是hō͘細胞加添新ê。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     卵白质，伊ê成分是炭素，水素，酸素，窒素，伊ê路用是会hō͘人ê身躯得着势力，也是hō͘细胞加添新ê。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     Nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, i ê sêng-hun sī Thàn-sò͘, Chúi-sò͘, Sng-sò͘, Chek-sò͘, i ê lō͘-ēng sī ōe hō͘ lâng ê seng-khu tit-tio̍h sè-le̍k, iā sī hō͘ sè-pau ke-thiⁿ sin--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     Protein: its composition is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; it is used to give energy to the human body and to regenerate cells.

Synonyms

• 碳 (tàn)

References

• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “炭素”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary], volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 428

Japanese

Chemical element (edit)
C Atomic number 6 炭素
Classification data Period 2 Group 14 Block p-block Class nonmetal
Previous: ← ホウ素 (B)
Next: 窒素 (N) →

Kanji in this term
炭	素
たん Grade: 3	そ Grade: 5
on'yomi	kan'on

Etymology

Compound of 炭 (tan, “coal”) +‎ 素 (so, “element”), calque of Dutch koolstof (literally “coal stuff”), from German Kohlenstoff. Compare also Luxembourgish Kuelestoff, Danish kulstof. Coined by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1834 in his book 遠西医方名物考補遺 (“炭素”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tã̠ɰ̃so̞]
• (Tokyo) たんそ [táꜜǹsò] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

炭(たん)素(そ) • (tanso) 

1. carbon (chemical element)

   Synonym: カーボン (kābon)

Derived terms

• 炭(たん)素(そ)鋼(こう) (tansokō, “carbon steel”)
• 炭(たん)素(そ)税(ぜい) (tansozei, “carbon tax”)
• 炭(たん)素(そ)繊(せん)維(い) (tanso sen'i, “carbon fiber”)
• 炭(たん)素(そ)中(ちゅう)立(りつ) (tanso chūritsu, “carbon-neutral”)
• 炭(たん)素(そ )14(じゅうし) (tanso jūshi, “carbon-14”)
• 炭(たん)素(そ )14(じゅうし)法( ほう) (tanso jūshi hō, “carbon-14 dating”)
• 炭(たん)素(そ)クレジット (tanso kurejitto, “carbon credit”)
• 炭(たん)素(そ)化(か)合(ごう)物(ぶつ) (tanso kagōbutsu, “carbon compounds”)
• 高(こう)炭(たん)素(そ)鋼(こう) (kōtansokō, “high-carbon steel”)
• 含(がん)水(すい)炭(たん)素(そ) (gansui tanso, “carbohydrate”)
• 酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (sanka tanso, “oxide of carbon”)
• 一(いっ)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (issanka tanso, “carbon monoxide”)
• 四(し)塩(えん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (shienka tanso, “carbon tetrachloride”)
• 次(じ)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (jisanka tanso, “carbon suboxide”)
• 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (nisanka tanso, “carbon dioxide”)
• 二(に)硫(りゅう)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (niryūka tanso, “carbon disulfide”)
• 放(ほう)射(しゃ)性(せい)炭(たん)素(そ) (hōshasei tanso, “radiocarbon”)
• 無(む)定(てい)形(けい)炭(たん)素(そ) (muteikei tanso, “amorphous carbon”)
• 一(いっ)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)中(ちゅう)毒(どく) (issanka tanso chūdoku, “carbon monoxide poisoning”)
• 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)排(はい)出(しゅつ)権(けん) (nisanka tanso haishutsuken, “right to emit carbon dioxide”)
• 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)削(さく)減(げん)義(ざ)務(む) (nisanka tanso sakugen zamu, “carbon dioxide reduction obligation”)
• 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)削(さく)減(げん)目(もく)標(ひょう) (nisanka tanso sakugen mokuhyō, “CO₂ reduction goal”)
• 放(ほう)射(しゃ)性(せい)炭(たん)素(そ)年(ねん)代(だい)測(そく)定(てい) (hōshasei tanso nendai sokutei, “radiocarbon dating”)

Descendants

• → Korean: 탄소 (tanso)
• → Min Nan: 炭素 (thòaⁿ-sò͘)

References

• “炭素”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
• Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
炭	素

Noun

炭素 • (tanso) (hangeul 탄소)

1. hanja form^? of 탄소 (“carbon”)