窯

See also: 窑 and 窰

Translingual

Han character

窯 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十金廿土火 (JCTGF), four-corner 3033₁, composition ⿱穴羔)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 867, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25594
• Dae Jaweon: page 1296, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2739, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7AAF

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Chinese

trad.		窯
simp.		窑
alternative forms		窰／窑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (羔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
羔	*kluː
糕	*kluː
餻	*kluː
窯	*luː
溔	*luːʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yáo (yao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iâu / iô

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
    • Wade–Giles: yao²
    • Yale: yáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jiu⁴
    • Yale: yìuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâu
    • Tâi-lô: iâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iaau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iau¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iô
    • Tâi-lô: iô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iooi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /io¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /io²⁴/

Note:

• iâu - literary;
• iô - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: yew

Rime
Character	窯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘昭切
Baxter	yew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/jæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaw/
Li Rong	/iɛu/
Wang Li	/jĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*luː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窯
Reading #	1/1
No.	3724
Phonetic component	羔
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	遙
Old Chinese	/*luː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 窯

1. brick kiln; furnace
2. coal pit
3. cave dwelling

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

窯

(Jōyō kanji)

1. kiln

Readings

• On (unclassified): よう (yō, Jōyō)
• Kun: かま (kama, 窯, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 窯業(ようぎょう) (yōgyō): ceramics industry
• 窯焼(かまや)き (kamayaki): firing in a kiln

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Korean

Hanja

窯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) meaning: kiwa kubnun kama

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