紅毛

See also: 红毛

Chinese

		red; revolutionary; prosperity red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular	hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar
trad. (紅毛)		紅	毛
simp. (红毛)		红	毛

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hóngmáo

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung⁴ mou^4-2 / hung⁴ mou⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): âng-mn̂g / âng-mô͘ / âng-mo͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ang⁵ mo⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hóngmáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hóngmáo
    • Wade–Giles: hung²-mao²
    • Yale: húng-máu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngmau
    • Palladius: хунмао (xunmao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 紅毛／红毛 鴻毛／鸿毛

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hung⁴ mou^4-2 / hung⁴ mou⁴
    • Yale: hùhng móu / hùhng mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴ mou^4-2 / hung⁴ mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴ mou^4-2 / hung⁴ mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 紅毛／红毛 鴻毛／鸿毛

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: âng-mn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: angmngg
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /aŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /aŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mô͘
    • Tâi-lô: âng-môo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: angmoo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/
    • IPA (Penang): /aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mo͘
    • Tâi-lô: âng-moo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: angmof
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ang⁵ mo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: âng mô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 紅毛

1. red hair (on animals)
2. (derogatory, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, chiefly Hokkien) red-haired person; (by extension) Caucasian person; white person; ang moh

Descendants

• → English: ang moh, angmoh, ang mo
• → Thai: อั้งม้อ (âng-mɔ́ɔ), อั้งม่อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ), อั้งหม้อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
紅	毛
こう Grade: 6	もう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Possibly coined in Japan of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese-derived elements 紅 (kō, “red, crimson”) +‎ 毛 (mō, “hair”).

Alternatively, possibly from Middle Chinese compound 紅毛 (MC huwng maw).

Compare modern Mandarin 紅毛／红毛 (hóngmáo).

Noun

紅(こう)毛(もう) • (kōmō) 

1. red hair

   Synonym: (more general term for a redhead) 赤毛 (akage)

2. during the Edo period, an epithet for the Dutch, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
3. in modern times, an epithet for Westerners or Europeans

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 紅毛画 (こうもうが, ​kōmōga): during the Edo period, western pictures that were imported into Japan through Dutch-controlled Nagasaki; those Japanese-produced pictures that were influenced by western artwork
• 紅毛人 (こうもうじん, ​kōmōjin): during the Edo period, an epithet for a Dutch person, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
• 紅毛船 (こうもうせん, ​kōmōsen): an epithet for European trading ships that visited Japan in the late 1600s, primarily from the Netherlands, contrasting with the term 南蛮船 (nanbansen, literally “Southern barbarian ship”) used for ships from Spain and Portugal
• 紅毛碧眼 (こうもうへきがん, ​kōmō hekigan): literally “red hair, blue eyes” → a Westerner

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
紅	毛
Grade: 6	Grade: 2
irregular

By extension from the red hair meaning being applied to the Dutch, used as jukujikun (熟字訓) for オランダ (Oranda, “Holland”).

Proper noun

紅毛(オランダ) or 紅毛(おらんだ) • (Oranda) 

1. (obsolete) Holland, the Netherlands

Usage notes

This reading was used primarily during the Edo period, and has since fallen out of use.