葛藤

Chinese

		coarse grass linen	rattan; cane
trad. (葛藤)		葛	藤
simp. #(葛藤)		葛	藤

Etymology

From the tendency of the vines of kudzu and rattan to become entangled.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): géténg, gěténg

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ ㄊㄥˊ, ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): got³ tang⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kot-thèn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koah-tîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: géténg
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ ㄊㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: géténg
    • Wade–Giles: ko²-tʻêng²
    • Yale: gé-téng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gerterng
    • Palladius: гэтэн (gɛtɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ³⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, common variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gěténg
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gěténg
    • Wade–Giles: ko³-tʻêng²
    • Yale: gě-téng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geeterng
    • Palladius: гэтэн (gɛtɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: got³ tang⁴
    • Yale: got tàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: got⁸ tang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: god³ teng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːt̚³ tʰɐŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kot-thèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: god` tenˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: god⁵ ten²
    • Sinological IPA: /kot̚² tʰen¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah-tîn
    • Tâi-lô: kuah-tîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koahdiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kua(ʔ)⁵ tin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tin²³/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 葛藤

1. (figurative) complicated relationships; complications
2. kudzu plant

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
葛	藤
かつ > かっ Grade: S	とう Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

From the tendency of the vines of 葛 (かずら, kazura, “creeper”) or 藤 (ふじ, fuji, “wisteria”) to become entangled.

Noun

葛(かっ)藤(とう) • (kattō) 

1. conflict, complications

Verb

葛(かっ)藤(とう)する • (kattō suru) transitive suru (stem 葛(かっ)藤(とう)し (kattō shi), past 葛(かっ)藤(とう)した (kattō shita))

1. to battle with

Conjugation

Conjugation of "葛藤する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	葛藤し	かっとうし	kattō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	葛藤し	かっとうし	kattō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	葛藤する	かっとうする	kattō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	葛藤する	かっとうする	kattō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	葛藤すれ	かっとうすれ	kattō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	葛藤せよ¹ 葛藤しろ²	かっとうせよ¹ かっとうしろ²	kattō seyo¹ kattō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	葛藤される	かっとうされる	kattō sareru
Causative	葛藤させる 葛藤さす	かっとうさせる かっとうさす	kattō saseru kattō sasu
Potential	葛藤できる	かっとうできる	kattō dekiru
Volitional	葛藤しよう	かっとうしよう	kattō shiyō
Negative	葛藤しない	かっとうしない	kattō shinai
Negative continuative	葛藤せず	かっとうせず	kattō sezu
Formal	葛藤します	かっとうします	kattō shimasu
Perfective	葛藤した	かっとうした	kattō shita
Conjunctive	葛藤して	かっとうして	kattō shite
Hypothetical conditional	葛藤すれば	かっとうすれば	kattō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Korean

Hanja in this term
葛	藤

Noun

葛藤 • (galdeung) (hangeul 갈등)

1. Hanja form^? of 갈등 (“discord, conflict”).