馘

Translingual

Han character

馘 (Kangxi radical 185, 首+8, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿山戈口一 (TUIRM), four-corner 8365₀, composition ⿰首或)

1. cut off left ear
2. tally dead enemy

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1428, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44507
• Dae Jaweon: page 1954, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4501, character 21
• Unihan data for U+9998

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		馘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
幗	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
慖	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
簂	*kʷɯːɡs
蔮	*kʷɯːɡs
國	*kʷɯːɡ
或	*ɡʷɯːɡ
惑	*ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮	*ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ
閾	*qʰʷrɯɡ
緎	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
淢	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
域	*ɢʷrɯɡ
罭	*ɢʷrɯɡ
棫	*ɡʷrɯɡ
琙	*ɡʷrɯɡ
魊	*ɡʷrɯɡ
馘	*kʷrɯːɡ
聝	*kʷrɯːɡ
膕	*kʷrɯːɡ
摑	*kʷrɯːɡ
漍	*kʷrɯːɡ
嘓	*kʷrɯːɡ
蟈	*kʷrɯːɡ
掝	*qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧	*qʷrɯɡ
稶	*qʷɯɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guó (guo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwik¹ / gwok³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guó
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guó
    • Wade–Giles: kuo²
    • Yale: gwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwo
    • Palladius: го (go)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwik¹ / gwok³
    • Yale: gwīk / gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwik⁷ / gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: guig¹ / guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɪk̚⁵/, /kʷɔːk̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: kweak

Rime
Character	馘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麥 (120)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古獲切
Baxter	kweak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuɛk̚/
Wang Li	/kwæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷˤ<r>ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷrɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ kwɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʷˁ<r>ək/
English	severed left ears
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馘
Reading #	1/1
No.	5562
Phonetic component	或
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蟈
Old Chinese	/*kʷrɯːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 馘

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• “馘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

馘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): かく (kaku)
• Kun: みみきる (mimikiru, 馘る); くびきる (kubikiru, 馘る)

Compounds

• 馘(くび)になる (kubi ni naru)

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Korean

Hanja

馘 • (goek) (hangeul 괵, revised goek, McCune–Reischauer koek, Yale koyk)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.