高句麗

See also: 高句丽

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (高句麗)		高	句	麗
simp. (高句丽)		高	句	丽

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from Old Korean?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Gāogōulí

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ ㄍㄡ ㄌㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹ ngau¹ lai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Gāogōulí
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄍㄡ ㄌㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Gaogoulí
    • Wade–Giles: Kao¹-kou¹-li²
    • Yale: Gāu-gōu-lí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gaugouli
    • Palladius: Гаогоули (Gaogouli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

Note: Often mispronounced as Gāogōulì.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gou¹ ngau¹ lai⁶
    • Yale: gōu ngāu laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹ ngau¹ lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou¹ ngeo¹ lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 高句麗

1. Goguryeo (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)

Coordinate terms

• 百濟／百济 (Bǎijì)
• 新羅／新罗 (Xīnluó)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
高	句	麗
こう Grade: 2	く Grade: 5	り Grade: S
on'yomi

/kaukuri/ → /kɔːkuri/ → /koːkuri/

From Old Korean.

Proper noun

高(こう)句(く)麗(り) or 高句麗(proper) • (kōkuri or proper) ^{←かうくり (kaukuri)?}[[Category:Japanese
|こうくり]]

1. (historical) the Goguryeo kingdom of 37 BCE - 668 CE, one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in what is now North Korea and parts of Manchuria and far-eastern Russia

Derived terms

• 高(こう)句(く)麗(り)古(こ)墳(ふん) (Kōkuri kofun): a Goguryeo tumulus tomb

Synonyms

• 高麗(こま) (koma)

Coordinate terms

• 百済 (Kudara, Hyakusai, “Baekje”, another of the Three Kingdoms)
• 新羅 (Shiragi, “Silla”, another of the Three Kingdoms)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
高	句	麗
こう > こ Grade: 2	く Grade: 5	り Grade: S
irregular

/koːkuri/ → /kokuri/

Alteration from Kōkuri. This usage developed after the two failed attempts in 1274 and 1281 to invade Japan by the combined forces of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and the Goryeo kingdom. Goryeo was a successor kingdom to Goguryeo, but in the popular Japanese language of the time, Goryeo was still referred to as 高句麗 (Kōkuri or Kokuri, i.e. “Goguryeo”) instead of 高麗 (Kōrai, the Japanese reading of “Goryeo”).

The adverb こくり (kokuri, “startedly, startlingly, (jumping up) suddenly”) likely derives from this usage.

Noun

高(こ)句(く)麗(り) • (kokuri) 

1. something very unfortunate and scary

   これは中々天人(なかなかてんじん)の子(こ)ではないぞ。むくりこくりが卵(たまご)よ。

   Kore wa nakanaka tenjin no ko de wa nai zo. Mukuri kokuri ga tamago yo.

   I tell you, this really isn't the child of any heavenly being. This is the spawn of of great googly moogly.

Usage notes

Generally always seen in combination with むくり (mukuri) or もくり (mokuri), terms of similar meaning that derive from the word 蒙古 (Mōko, “Mongolia”). Compare the English slang phrase googly moogly, possibly derived from this Japanese phrase.

Derived terms

• 蒙古高句麗 (mokuri kokuri, mukuri kokuri)
• 高句麗蒙古 (kokuri mokuri, kokuri mukuri)

Idioms

• 高句麗蒙古遁(こくりもくりに)げる (kokuri mokuri nigeru): “Goguryeo and the Mongols, run away” → to run away in complete disarray

  Although kokuri and mokuri here are both written using the spellings for two proper nouns, in this phrase they are used as adverbs. This might be ateji, or it might be that the adverbs developed from the proper nouns. Note that many other Japanese adverbs can end in -ri, such as ちょっぴり (choppiri, “slightly, a little bit-ly”), たっぷり (tappuri, “fully, adequately”), or ふらり (furari, “aimlessly, casually, unexpectedly”).

Proper noun

高(こ)句(く)麗(り) or 高句麗(proper) • (kokuri or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|こくり]]

1. (rare) the Goguryeo kingdom of 37 BCE - 668 CE, one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in what is now North Korea and parts of Manchuria and far-eastern Russia

Synonyms

• 高麗(こま) (koma)

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Korean

Hanja in this term
高	句	麗

Proper noun

高句麗 • (Goguryeo) (hangeul 고구려)

1. Hanja form^? of 고구려 (“Goguryeo”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
高	句	麗

Proper noun

高句麗

1. chữ Hán form of Cao Câu Li (“Goguryeo”).