-я
Bulgarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-я • (-ja) m
- the (singular masculine object definite article, suffixed to masculine nouns/adjectives to mean “the”)
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Mongolian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈja/
- Syllabification: я (1 syllable)
Suffix
[edit]-я • (-ja)
Inflection
[edit]| back vowel | front vowel | |
|---|---|---|
| unrounded | -я (-ja) | -е (-e) |
| rounded | -ё (-jo) |
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -а (-a) — used after a hard consonant
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-я • (-ja)
- Noun-forming diminutive suffix used after a soft (palatalized) consonant.
Derived terms
[edit]Ukrainian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -а (-a) — used after a hard consonant
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ja. Cognate Russian -я (-ja).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-я • (-ja) m or f
- Noun-forming diminutive suffix used after a soft (palatalized) consonant.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -́я -́ja |
-і́ -í |
| genitive | -і́ -í |
- - |
| dative | -і́ -í |
-я́м -jám |
| accusative | -ю́ -jú |
-, -і́ -, -í |
| instrumental | -е́ю -éju |
-я́ми -jámy |
| locative | -і́ -í |
-я́х -jáx |
| vocative | -е́ -é |
-і́ -í |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-я́ • (-já) n (diminutive ...т + -ко, plural -ята)
- Forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives.
- Synonym: -еня́ (-enjá)
- звір (zvir, “animal”) + -я́ (-já) → звіря́ (zvirjá, “baby animal”)
- смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + -я́ (-já) → смереча́ (smerečá, “young spruce tree”)
- со́кіл (sókil, “falcon”) + -я́ (-já) → соколя́ (sokoljá, “falconet”)
- птах (ptax, “bird”) + -я́ (-já) → пташа́ (ptašá, “fledgling”)
- соба́ка (sobáka, “dog”) + -я́ (-já) → собача́ (sobačá, “puppy”)
Usage notes
[edit]Being derived from a front nasal vowel, this suffix has the following properties:
- When added onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies.
- When added onto a stem ending with /r/, it is palatalized to /rʲ/.
- The stress usually falls on the suffix.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -я́ -já |
-я́та -játa |
| genitive | -я́ти -játy |
-я́т -ját |
| dative | -я́ті -játi |
-я́там -játam |
| accusative | -я́ -já |
-я́та, -я́т -játa, -ját |
| instrumental | -я́м -jám |
-я́тами -játamy |
| locative | -я́ті -játi |
-я́тах -játax |
| vocative | -я́ -já |
-я́та -játa |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old East Slavic -ие (-ije), from Proto-Slavic *-ьje, from *-ь + *-jь.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-я • (-ja) n (diminutive -чко, plural -я)
- Denominal, forming collective nouns
- звір (zvir, “animal”) + -я (-ja) → звір'я́ (zvirʺjá, “animals”)
- смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + -я (-ja) → смері́ччя (smeríččja, “spruces”) or
- смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + -я (-ja) → смере́ччя (smeréččja, “spruces”)
- паву́к (pavúk, “spider”) + -я (-ja) → паву́ччя (pavúččja, “spiders”)
- гора́ (horá, “mountain”) + -я (-ja) → гі́р'я (hírʺja, “mountains”)
- ка́мінь (káminʹ, “stone”) + -я (-ja) → камі́ння (kamínnja, “rocks”)
- Deverbal (from past participle), forming action nouns
- Denominal, forming nouns denoting various concepts
- Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a property, state or condition
- Denominal, forming nouns denoting location or time
Usage notes
[edit]Being derived from an ьjV cluster, this suffix has the following properties:
- When added onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies.
- When added onto a stem ending with /r/, it is not palatalized.
- When added onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is geminated.
- /o/→/i/ and /e/→/i/ shifts in the stem may or may not occur.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -́я, -я́ -́ja, -já |
-я́ -já |
| genitive | -я́ -já |
- - |
| dative | -ю́ -jú |
-я́м -jám |
| accusative | -я́ -já |
-я́, - -já, - |
| instrumental | -я́м -jám |
-я́ми -jámy |
| locative | -і́ -í |
-я́х -jáx |
| vocative | -я́ -já |
-я́ -já |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-я • (-ja)
- -ar-stem genitive/accusative singular of -∅
References
[edit]- Лев Миха́йлович Полю́га [Lev Myxájlovyč Poljúha] (2001), Словник українських морфем [Slovnyk ukrajinsʹkyx morfem, Dictionary of Ukrainian morphemes] (in Ukrainian), Львів [Lʹviv]: Світ [Svit], →ISBN
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian suffixes
- Bulgarian masculine suffixes
- Bulgarian articles
- Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mongolian non-lemma forms
- Mongolian suffix forms
- Mongolian vowel harmonic lemmas
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian suffixes
- Russian noun-forming suffixes
- Russian diminutive suffixes
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian suffixes
- Ukrainian noun-forming suffixes
- Ukrainian diminutive suffixes
- Ukrainian masculine suffixes
- Ukrainian feminine suffixes
- Ukrainian suffixes with multiple genders
- Ukrainian soft feminine-form nouns
- Ukrainian soft feminine-form accent-b nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b
- Ukrainian soft feminine-form accent-d nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern d
- Ukrainian nouns with multiple accent patterns
- Ukrainian neuter suffixes
- Ukrainian t-stem neuter-form nouns
- Ukrainian t-stem neuter-form accent-b nouns
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian collective suffixes
- Ukrainian soft neuter nouns in -я
- Ukrainian soft neuter accent-b nouns in -я
- Ukrainian non-lemma forms
- Ukrainian suffix forms