-iş

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Azerbaijani[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Cognate with Uyghur -ىش(-ish).

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic -yış -yiş -yuş -yüş

-iş

  1. Suffix creating nouns from verbs.[1]
    axtarmaq (to search) + ‎-ış → ‎axtarış (search)
    satmaq (to sell) + ‎-ış → ‎satış (sale)
    oyanmaq (to awake) + ‎-ış → ‎oyanış (awakening)
    girmək (to enter) + ‎-iş → ‎giriş (entrance)
    getmək (to walk, to travel) + ‎-iş → ‎gediş (journey)
    uçmaq (to fly) + ‎-uş → ‎uçuş (flight)
    udmaq (to win) + ‎-uş → ‎uduş (win, gain)
    gülmək (to laugh) + ‎-üş → ‎gülüş (laughter)
    görmək (to see) + ‎-üş → ‎görüş (meeting, encounter)
    söymək (to curse, to scold) + ‎-üş → ‎söyüş (curse, foul language)
    yaşamaq (to live) + ‎-yış → ‎yaşayış
    anlamaq (to understand) + ‎-yış → ‎anlayış
Usage notes[edit]

A notable irregularity is yürümək, taking :

yürümək (to go) + ‎ → ‎yürüş (march)
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic

-iş

  1. Reciprocative suffix.[2]
    baxmaq + ‎-iş → ‎baxışmaq
    bitmək + ‎-iş → ‎bitişmək
    çəkmək + ‎-iş → ‎çəkişmək
    vurmaq (to hit, punch) + ‎-iş → ‎vuruşmaq (to battle, fight)
    döymək (to beat) + ‎-iş → ‎döyüşmək (to fight, combat)
    yürümək + ‎ → ‎yürüşmək
    tanımaq + ‎ → ‎tanışmaq
Usage notes[edit]

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

demək (to say) + ‎-iş → ‎deyişmək (to argue)
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Širalijev, Mamedaga; Sevortjan, Ervand (1971), “-iş”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, page 54.
  2. ^ Širalijev, Mamedaga; Sevortjan, Ervand (1971), “-iş”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, page 96.

Turkish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـش(-iş), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـش(), from Proto-Turkic *-iĺ.

Suffix[edit]

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic -yış -yiş -yuş -yüş

-iş (noun-forming suffixes)

  1. A suffix forming nouns from verbs.
    bakmak (to look) + ‎-ış → ‎bakış (look)
    inmek (to land) + ‎-iş → ‎iniş (landing)
    görmek (to see) + ‎-üş → ‎görüş (sight)
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـش(-iş), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـش(-iş), from Proto-Turkic *-iĺč.

Suffix[edit]

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic

-iş

  1. A suffix forming reciprocative verbs.
    bakmak (to look) + ‎-ış → ‎bakışmak (to look at each other)
    sevmek (to like, love) + ‎-iş → ‎sevişmek (to make love)
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix[edit]

-iş

  1. A suffix forming terms of endearment.
    kedi (cat) + ‎ → ‎kediş (kitty)
Usage notes[edit]
  • Stritcly speaking, -iş doesn't adhere to a vowel harmony rule and the variant that will give the euphonious result is chosen almost arbitrarily. Tatlış and tatliş (from tatlı) coexist. For some given names there are multiple affectionate alternative forms ending in -oş, -iş, -üş, etc.
Derived terms[edit]