-il

See also: Appendix:Variations of "il"

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [il]

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L	-ıl	-il	-ul	-ül
after L	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-il

1. Passive suffix.

   ‎kəsmək (“to cut”) + ‎-il → ‎kəsilmək (“to get cut, to flunk”)

   ‎almaq (“to buy”) + ‎-ın → ‎alınmaq (“to be bought”)

   ‎eşitmək (“to hear”) + ‎-il → ‎eşidilmək (“to be heard”)

Suffixation notes

A notable irregularity is görmək, which takes -ün (instead of expected -ül):

‎görmək (“to see”) + ‎-ün → ‎görünmək (“to be seen”)

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-il → ‎deyilmək (“to be said”)

Derived terms

Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -il

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Maltese

Etymology

From the syllable -ar in Arabic عَشَر (ʕašar, “ten”). The same alternation between absolute and attributive form is found in most modern dialects of Arabic, though generally with the original consonant r preserved. Compare North Levantine Arabic تنعش (tnaʿš, “twelve”), attributively تنعشر (tnaʿšar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪl/

Suffix

-il

1. Used to form the attributive form of cardinal numbers 11 to 19.

   erbatax (“fourteen”) → erbatax-il jum (“fourteen days”)

Usage notes

• The suffix is spelt with a hyphen for phonetic reasons. It is, namely, apart from a few recent borrowings from English the only case where preconsonantal i in a final syllable is short. Thus, /ɛrbaˈtaːʃɪl/ is rendered as erbatax-il rather than *erbataxil, which latter should be pronounced */ɛrbataˈʃiːl/.

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Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-jēlē.

Suffix

-il

1. Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating an inclination or tendency to perform the verb's action.

   ‎sodjat (“to bend”) + ‎-il → ‎soddjil (“tending to bend, flexible”)

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Odd, no gradation
Attributive	-ilis
Nominative	-il
Genitive	-ila
Attributive	-ilis
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-il	-ilat
Accusative	-ila	-iliid
Genitive	-ila	-iliid
Illative	-ilii	-iliidda
Locative	-ilis	-iliin
Comitative	-iliin	-iliiguin
Essive	-ilin

Derived terms

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -il

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin -īlis.

Suffix

-il

1. -ile (tending to or capable of)

Derived terms

Portuguese terms suffixed with -il

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Spanish

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin -īlis.

Suffix

-il m or f

1. -ile (indicating relation or pertaining to)

Derived terms

Spanish terms suffixed with -il

See also

• -al
• -ero

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Volapük

Suffix

-il

1. Used to form diminutives

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -il

See also

• -ül