हृदय

Hindi

हृदय

Alternative forms

• हृदा (hŕdā)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛ́daya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr. Doublet of दिल (dil) and हिया (hiyā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, [ɦɾɪ.d̪ɐj], /ɦɪɾ.d̪əj/, [ɦɪɾ.d̪ɐj]

Noun

हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی)

1. (anatomy) heart

   (deprecated template usage)

   रोगी का हृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है।

   rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.

   The patient's heart is still beating.

   (deprecated template usage)

   मेरा बाप का हृदय बहुत दुर्बल है।

   merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.

   My father has a very weak heart.

   (deprecated template usage)

   उसकी वाणी ने मेरे हृदय को छू दिया।

   uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.

   His speech touched my heart.

Declension

Declension of हृदय (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	हृदय hŕday	हृदय hŕday
oblique	हृदय hŕday	हृदयों hŕdayõ
vocative	हृदय hŕday	हृदयो hŕdayo

Synonyms

• दिल (dil), हिया (hiyā)

Derived terms

• हृदयाघात (hŕdyāghāt, “heart attack”)
• हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
• हृदयग्राही (hŕdyagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
• हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
• विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
• मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

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Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾid̪ʌe]
• Phonetic Devanagari: रिदए

Noun

हृदय • (hr̥daya)

1. heart

See also

• मुटु (muṭu)

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Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā), Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Latin cor, Old English heorte (whence English heart).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦŕ̩.dɐ.jɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɦr̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/

Noun

हृदय • (hṛ́daya) stem, n

1. the heart
   • RV 6.53.8c

     यां पूषन्ब्रह्मचोदनीमारां बिभर्ष्याघृणे।
     तया समस्य हृदयमा रिख किकिरा कृणु॥

     yāṃ pūṣanbrahmacodanīmārāṃ bibharṣyāghṛṇe.
     tayā samasya hṛdayamā rikha kikirā kṛṇu.

     Thou, glowing Pūṣan, carriest an awl that urgeth men to prayer;
     Therewith dost thou tear up and rend to shreds the heart of every one.

2. soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
   • RV 6.9.6b

     वि मे कर्णा पतयतो वि चक्षुर्वीदं ज्योतिर्हृदय आहितं यत्।
     वि मे मनश्चरति दूरआधीः किं स्विद्वक्ष्यामि किमु नू मनिष्ये॥

     vi me karṇā patayato vi cakṣurvīdaṃ jyotirhṛdaya āhitaṃ yat.
     vi me manaścarati dūraādhīḥ kiṃ svidvakṣyāmi kimu nū maniṣye.

     Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
     Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?

3. the heart or interior of the body
4. (figuratively) the heart, center, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything
5. (figuratively) true or divine knowledge
6. (figuratively) the Vedas
7. (figuratively) science

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛ́daya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Vocative	हृदय hṛ́daya	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Accusative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Instrumental	हृदयेन hṛ́dayena	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛ́dayaiḥ / hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹
Dative	हृदयाय hṛ́dayāya	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Ablative	हृदयात् hṛ́dayāt	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Genitive	हृदयस्य hṛ́dayasya	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयानाम् hṛ́dayānām
Locative	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयेषु hṛ́dayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: হিয়া (hia), → হৃদয় (hridoy)
• Bengali: হিয়া (hiẏa), → হৃদয় (hridoẏ)
• Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)
• Hindi: हिया (hiyā), → हृदय (hŕday), हृदा (hŕdā)
• → Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
• Pali: hadaya
  • → Lao: ຫະໄທ (ha thai)
  • → Thai: หทัย
• Punjabi: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā), ਹੀਆ (hīā)
• Romani: ilo
• → Tamil: இதயம் (itayam)
• → Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
• → Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)

Adjective

हृदय • (hṛ́daya)

1. going to the heart
   1. (by extension) inward

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ)
Gen. sg.	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयान् (hṛdayān)
Instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
Dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदया (hṛdayā)
Gen. sg.	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदया (hṛdayā)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Vocative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Accusative	हृदयाम् (hṛdayām)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Instrumental	हृदयया (hṛdayayā)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभिः (hṛdayābhiḥ)
Dative	हृदयायै (hṛdayāyai)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदयायाम् (hṛdayāyām)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयासु (hṛdayāsu)

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)
Gen. sg.	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
Dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)

References

• “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
• Monier Williams (1899) “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978