The original pronunciation of the letter was a pharyngealised lateral fricative /ɮˤ/. Early on, this sound was merged with ظ(ẓ)/ðˤ/, a merger that is reflected in all colloquial dialects. In dialects with stopping of dental fricatives, both were then shifted further to /dˤ/. When the ability to produce the sound /ɮˤ/ waned some time after its loss from actual speech, the Quran readers reassigned the stop /dˤ/ to ض(ḍ) in order to maintain its distinction from ظ(ẓ).
The twenty-sixth letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ذ(ḏ) and followed by ظ(ẓ).
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