滔滔

Chinese

		overflow; torrent-dash	overflow; torrent-dash
simp. and trad. (滔滔)		滔	滔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tāotāo

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠ ㄊㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou¹ tou¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tāotāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄠ ㄊㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: taotao
    • Wade–Giles: tʻao¹-tʻao¹
    • Yale: tāu-tāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tautau
    • Palladius: таотао (taotao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou¹ tou¹
    • Yale: tōu tōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou¹ tou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou¹ tou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯⁵⁵ tʰou̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: thaw thaw

Rime
Character	滔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	土刀切
Baxter	thaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰaw/
Li Rong	/tʰɑu/
Wang Li	/tʰɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤu  l̥ˤu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰuː  l̥ʰuː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	滔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tāo
Middle Chinese	‹ thaw ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁu/
English	rushing water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	滔
Reading #	1/1
No.	14731
Phonetic component	舀
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	饕
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰuː/

Adjective

滔滔

1. (of water) torrential; surging
2. (of talking) incessant
3. (literary) grand; magnificent

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
滔	滔
とう Hyōgai	とう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
滔々

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とーとー [tòótóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːto̞ː]

Adjective

滔(とう)滔(とう) • (tōtō) ^{←たうたう (tautau)?†}-tari (adnominal 滔(とう)滔(とう)とした (tōtō to shita) or 滔(とう)滔(とう)たる (tōtō taru), adverbial 滔(とう)滔(とう)と (tōtō to) or 滔(とう)滔(とう)として (tōtō to shite))

1. torrential (of flowing water)
2. voluble (of speech)
3. flowing strongly in one direction (of a matter of the times)

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "滔滔たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	滔滔たら	たうたうたら	tautautara
Continuative (連用形)	滔滔と[1] 滔滔たり[2]	たうたうと たうたうたり	tautauto tautautari
Terminal (終止形)	滔滔たり	たうたうたり	tautautari
Attributive (連体形)	滔滔たる	たうたうたる	tautautaru
Realis (已然形)	滔滔たれ	たうたうたれ	tautautare
Imperative (命令形)	滔滔たれ	たうたうたれ	tautautare
Key constructions
Negative	滔滔たらず	たうたうたらず	tautautarazu
Contrasting conjunction	滔滔たれど	たうたうたれど	tautautaredo
Causal conjunction	滔滔たれば	たうたうたれば	tautautareba
Conditional conjunction	滔滔たらば	たうたうたらば	tautautaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	滔滔たりき	たうたうたりき	tautautariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	滔滔たりけり	たうたうたりけり	tautautarikeri
Adverbial	滔滔と	たうたうと	tautauto
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb.