без

See also: беҙ and без-

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲes]

Preposition

без • (bjez)

1. without

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Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛs]

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without (not having)

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Karachay-Balkar

Noun

без • (bez)

1. gland

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Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	بەز
Cyrillic	без
Latin	bez
Yañalif	ʙez

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic.

Noun

без • (bez)

1. gland

   ұйқы безі

   ūiqy bezı

   pancreas

Declension

declension of без

	singular (жекеше)	plural (көпше)
nominative (атау септік)	без (bez)	бездер (bezder)
genitive (ілік септік)	бездің (bezdıñ)	бездердің (bezderdıñ)
dative (барыс септік)	безге (bezge)	бездерге (bezderge)
accusative (табыс септік)	безді (bezdı)	бездерді (bezderdı)
locative (жатыс септік)	безде (bezde)	бездерде (bezderde)
ablative (шығыс септік)	безден (bezden)	бездерден (bezderden)
instrumental (көмектес септік)	безбен (bezben)	бездермен (bezdermen)

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Kyrgyz

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *beŕ.

Noun

без • (bez) (Arabic spelling بەز)

1. gland

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Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛs]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without

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Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• бес (bes)
• беꙁ (bez)
• беꙁь (bezĭ)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez.

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without
   • from СЛОВО НѢКОЕГО КАЛОУГЕРА О ЧЬТЕНИИ КЪНИГЪ:

     Не съставитъ бо сѧ корабль без гвоздии ни правьдьникъ бес почитаниꙗ кънижьнааго.

     Ne sŭstavitŭ bo sę korablĭ bez gvozdii ni pravĭdĭnikŭ bes počitanija kŭnižĭnaago.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

• Бояджиев, Андрей (2016) Старобългарска читанка‎^[1], София

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Russian

Alternative forms

• безъ (bez) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰ-.

Cognate with Lithuanian bè (“without; besides”), Latvian bez (“without”), Old Prussian bhe (“without”), Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”), Persian بی (bi, “without”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲɪs]

• audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: бес (bes)
• Rhymes: -es

Preposition

без • (bez) (+ genitive)

1. without

   без воды́ ― bez vodý ― without water

   бе́зо всего́ ― bézo vsevó ― without anything

   не без интере́са ― ne bez interésa ― not without interest

   без сомне́ния ― bez somnénija ― without doubt

   Не могу́ жить без тебя́

   Ne mogú žitʹ bez tebjá

   I can't live without you.

2. minus

   без че́тверти час ― bez čétverti čas ― a quarter to one (literally, “one hour without a quarter”)

Usage notes

безо (bezo) is used before some awkward consonant clusters.

Related terms

• без- (bez-)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “без”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bez(ъ)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 7

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare без- and бес-.

Alternative forms

• (regional): брез, пре̏з, preza

Preposition

бѐз (Latin spelling bèz) (+ genitive case)

1. without, excluding, not counting

   без сумње ― without a doubt

   остати без нечега ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)

   без обзира на.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is

   без краја и конца ― endlessly, without end

   не без разлога ― not without a reason

   без срца ― heartlessly, without a heart

   без р(иј)ечи ― without a word, speechless

   бити без нечега ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)

Related terms

• без-, бес-

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to безистан, безли, бесофра and беспара.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bêz/

Noun

бе̏з m (Latin spelling bȅz)

1. linen, canvas
2. (specifically) a type of cotton-made linen or canvas used in Oriental costumes, of several possible forms: ћереће, седелук, kafez or кафез-без, мелез, харир, шејтанбез and харирбез.

Declension

Declension of без

	singular
nominative	без
genitive	беза
dative	безу
accusative	без
vocative	безу
locative	безу
instrumental	безом

References

• “без”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• “без”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 140

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Udi

Determiner

без • (bez)

1. Alternative form of бези (bezi)

Further reading

• Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “без”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎^[2], Baku: Academy Press, page 77

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛz]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

без • (bez) (+ genitive case)

1. without (not having)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “без”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka