sunder

See also: sûnder, Sünder, and sunđer

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsʌndɚ/

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌndə(ɹ)

Etymology 1

From Middle English sunder, from Old English sundor- (“separate, different”), from Proto-Germanic *sundraz (“isolated, particular, alone”), from Proto-Indo-European *snter-, *seni-, *senu-, *san- (“apart, without, for oneself”). Cognate with Old Saxon sundar (“particular, special”), Dutch zonder (“without”), German sonder- (“special”), German sondern (“separate, set apart”), Old Norse sundr (“separate”), Danish sønder (“apart, asunder”), Latin sine (“without”).

Adjective

sunder (comparative more sunder, superlative most sunder)

1. (dialectal or obsolete) Sundry; separate; different.

Derived terms

• sunderling
• sunderly

Etymology 2

From Middle English sundren (“to separate, part, divide”), from Old English sundrian (“to separate, split, part, divide”), from Proto-Germanic *sundrōną (“to separate”), from Proto-Indo-European *sen(e)- (“separate, without”). Cognate with Scots sinder, sunder (“to separate, divide, split up”), Dutch zonderen (“to isolate”), German sondern (“to separate”), Swedish söndra (“to divide”). More at sundry.

Verb

sunder (third-person singular simple present sunders, present participle sundering, simple past and past participle sundered)

1. (transitive) To break or separate or to break apart, especially with force.
2. (intransitive) To part, separate.
   • 1881 Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Severed Selves, lines 8-9

     Two souls, the shores wave-mocked of sundering seas: —

     Such are we now.

   • 2003, Dean Barton, Searching for the Evergreen Man‎^[1], Llumina Press, →ISBN, page 69:

     … Carlo finally saw Everything, before it sunders into things; he saw Knowledge before it sunders into knowing; he saw Integrity before it sunders in integrals; he saw Unity before it sunders into units.

3. (UK, dialect, dated, transitive) To expose to the sun and wind.
   • 1788, William Marshall, The Rural Economy of Yorkshire:

     Where a fair opportunity offers, and the grass is perfectly dry, the hipples are sundered; that is, broken out into beds in the usual manner, turned, and again got up into cocklets, of such size as the state of dryness requires.

   • 1941, The Queensland Agricultural and Pastoral Handbook, page 82:

     Except under abnormal conditions, protection can be afforded to a field by cutting a strip half a chain in width all round the field, with a reaper and binder for preference, when the crop is in the best condition for hay, and then ploughing or sunder-cutting the stubble.

   • 2010, Stony Stern, Run Past The Hunter, page 143:

     The trees and shrubs all around us began to show the signs of death; dried branches, leafless gray and molding wood. The ground here was as hard as stone, the dirt and dust dry as bone sundered in the desert scorch.

   • 2013, Thomas Glave, Among the Bloodpeople: Politics and Flesh, page 165:

     The world, a good deal of it, sundered, scorched.

Derived terms

• asunder
• in sunder
• sunderance
• tosunder

 

Related terms

• sundry

Translations

to break or separate or to break apart

• Bulgarian: разделям (bg) (razdeljam), разединявам (bg) (razedinjavam)
• Dutch: breken (nl), uiteendrijven
• Finnish: jakaa (fi)
• French: rompre (fr)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: spezzare (it)
• Latin: secerno
• Russian: разделя́ть (ru) (razdeljátʹ), разлучать (ru) (razlučatʹ)

to part

• Bulgarian: разделям се (razdeljam se)
• Dutch: scheiden (nl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: расстава́ться (ru) (rasstavátʹsja)

Noun

sunder (plural sunders)

1. a separation into parts; a division or severance
   • 1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, VII, lines 2-4

     He would not stay for me to stand and gaze.

     I shook his hand and tore my heart in sunder

     And went with half my life about my ways.

Derived terms

• sundrous

See also

• sunder tree

Anagrams

• Durens, Dusner, drusen, nursed, Øresund

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Old English

Alternative forms

• sundor
• synder

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sundraz, whence also Old High German suntar, Old Norse sundr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsun.der/

Adverb

sunder

1. apart, separate, private, aloof, by one's self

   Ne scealt ðú sunder beón from ðínum geférum on Ongelcyricean. ― Thou shouldst not be aloof from thy brethren in the English Church.

Synonyms

• ġedǣledlīċe

Derived terms

• onsundrum (“singly, separately, apart: privately: especially, in sunder”)
• sunderanweald m (“monarchy”)
• sunderfolgoþ m (“private office”)
• sunderfrēodōm, sunderfrēols m (“privilege”)
• sunderlīpes (“separately”)
• sundermǣlum (“separately, singly”)
• sundermēd f (“private meadow”)
• sunderstōw f (“special place”)

Related terms

• āsundran, āsundrian (“to divide, separate, disjoin, sever; distinguish, except. asunder”)
• āsyndrung f (“division”)
• sundrian (“to separate, sunder”)

See also

• sundor
• synder

References

• John R. Clark Hall (1916) “sunder”, in A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[2], 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan
• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sundor”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.