engender

English

WOTD – 25 February 2010

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdʒɛn.də/, /ɛnˈdʒɛn.də/
• IPA^(key): /ɛnˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/, /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/
• Rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)

• Audio (US):

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• Audio (AU):

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Etymology 1

From Middle French engendrer, from Latin ingenerāre, from in- + generāre (“to generate”).

Alternative forms

• engendre [14th–16th c.], ingender [15th–17th c.]

Verb

engender (third-person singular simple present engenders, present participle engendering, simple past and past participle engendered)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To beget (of a man); to bear or conceive (of a woman). [14th–19th c.]
   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], page 129, column 1:

     O Error ſoone conceyu’d,
     Thou neuer com’ſt vnto a happy byrth,
     But kil’ſt the Mother that engendred thee.

2. (transitive) To give existence to, to produce (living creatures). [from 14th c.]
   • 1891, Henry James, "James Russell Lowell", Essays in London and Elsewhere, p.60:

     Like all interesting literary figures, he is full of tacit as well as of uttered reference to the conditions that engendered him […].

3. (transitive) To bring into existence (a situation, quality, result etc.); to give rise to, cause, create. [from 14th c.]
   • 1928, "New Plays in Manhattan", Time, 8 Oct.:

     Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart managed to engender "Better Be Good to Me" and "I Must Love You," but they were neither lyrically nor musically up to standards of their Garrick Gaieties or A Connecticut Yankee.

   • 2009, Jonathan Glancey, "The art of industry", The Guardian, 21 Dec.:

     Manufacturing is not simply about brute or emergency economics. It's also about a sense of involvement and achievement engendered by shaping and crafting useful, interesting, well-designed things.

4. (intransitive) To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced.
   • a. 1700, John Dryden, transl., “Ovid’s Metamorphoses”, in Poems on Various Occasions; and Translations from Several Authors, London: Jacob Tonson, published 1701, book I, page 147:

     Thick Clouds are ſpread, and Storms engender there,
     And Thunders Voice, which wretched Mortals fear,
     And Winds that on their Wings, cold Winter bear.

5. (obsolete, intransitive) To copulate, to have sex. [15th–19th c.]
   • 1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Kingdome of Darknesse”, in Leviathan, Or The Matter Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: Andrew Crooke, page 343:

     But that the bodies of the Reprobate, who make the Kingdome of Satan, ſhall alſo be glorious, or ſpirituall bodies, or that they ſhall bee as the Angels of God, neither eating, nor, drinking, nor engendering […], there is no place of Scripture to prove it […]

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, lines 790–800:

     I fled, but he purſu’d (though more, it ſeems,
     Inflam’d with luſt then rage) and ſwifter far,
     Me overtook his mother all diſmaid,
     And in embraces forcible and foule
     Ingendring with me, of that rape begot
     Theſe yelling Monſters that with ceaſleſs cry
     Surround me, as thou ſawſt […]

Synonyms

• (to bring into existence): beget, conjure, create, produce, make, craft, manufacture, invent, assemble, generate
• (to copulate): do it, get it on, have sex; see also Thesaurus:copulate

Translations

to bring into existence, cause

• Albanian: krijoj (sq)
• Armenian: հարուցել (hy) (harucʻel), առաջացնել (hy) (aṙaǰacʻnel), ծնել (hy) (cnel)
• Bulgarian: пораждам (bg) (poraždam)
• Catalan: engendrar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 引起 (jan⁵ hei²), 產生／产生 (caan² sang¹), 造成 (zou⁶ sing⁴)

  Mandarin: 引起 (zh) (yǐnqǐ)

• Dutch: voortbrengen (nl)
• Finnish: synnyttää (fi), luoda (fi), aiheuttaa (fi), saada aikaan (fi), tuottaa (fi)
• French: engendrer (fr), concevoir (fr), donner le jour à, donner naissance à (fr)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• German: erzeugen (de), hervorrufen (de), herbeiführen (de)
• Ido: produktar (io)
• Italian: generare (it), originare (it), concepire (it)
• Japanese: 引き起こす (ja) (hikiokosu), 発生させる (ja) (hassei saseru)
• Portuguese: engendrar (pt)
• Quechua: churiyay
• Russian: порожда́ть (ru) (poroždátʹ)
• Slovak: vyvolať, vyvolávať, plodiť, splodiť
• Spanish: engendrar (es), dar a luz, concebir (es)
• Swedish: framkalla (sv), skapa (sv), alstra (sv)
• Tocharian B: (causative voice) täm-

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Czech: ^{(please verify)} plodit (cs), ^{(please verify)} zplodit
• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} voortbrengen (nl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} menyebabkan (id), ^{(please verify)} mengakibatkan (id), ^{(please verify)} menimbulkan (id), ^{(please verify)} membawa (id)

Etymology 2

From en- +‎ gender.

Verb

engender (third-person singular simple present engenders, present participle engendering, simple past and past participle engendered)

1. (critical theory) To endow with gender; to create gender or enhance the importance of gender. [from 20th c.]
   • 1992, Anne Cranny-Francis, Engendered Fictions, page 2:

     As such they are an important way of understanding both how texts are engendered (how they articulate particular sex or gender role) and how they engender their consumers.

   • 1996, Steven C Ward, Reconfiguring Truth, page xviii:

     I focus on […] the efforts of feminist critics of science to examine the engendered origins and implications of scientific rationality and modern epistemology.

Anagrams

• engendre, regenned