Caesar

See also: caesar, Cäsar, and Cæsar

English

Alternative forms

• (archaic) Cæsar

Etymology

From Latin Caesar. Displaced Old English cāsere, which would have yielded *caser, *coser, and Middle English keiser, kaiser, from Old Norse and continental Germanic languages (see also Kaiser).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsiːzə(ɹ)/
• IPA^(key): /ˈkaɪzə(ɹ)/
• IPA^(key): /ˈkaɪzɚ/
• Homophones: Kaiser, seizer

Proper noun

Caesar

1. An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar.
2. (figuratively) The government; society; earthly powers.
   • Template:RQ:Authorized Version:

     Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s; and unto God the things that are God's.

Derived terms

Terms derived from Caesar

• Bloody Caesar
• Caesar cipher
• caesarean, cesarean, caesarian, cesarian
• caesarean section, cesarean section, cesarian section
• Caesarism
• Caesar salad
• Caesar's wife
• Caesar's wife should be above suspicion
• render unto Caesar

 

Related terms

• czar, tsar, tzar
• kaiser
• caesar
• Ceasar, Casar, Cesar, Cæsar
• Caesarean

Translations

ancient Roman family name

• Afrikaans: Caesar
• Albanian: Çezari m
• Arabic: قَيْصَر m (qayṣar)
• Armenian: Կեսար (Kesar)
• Azerbaijani: Sezar
• Belarusian: Цэ́зар m (Cézar)
• Bulgarian: Це́зар m (Cézar)
• Catalan: Cèsar m
• Cherokee: ᏏᏌ (sisa)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 愷撒／恺撒 (zh), 恺撒 (zh) (Kǎisā), 凱撒／凯撒 (zh), 凯撒 (zh) (Kǎisǎ)

• Czech: Caesar (cs) m
• Danish: Cæsar
• Dutch: Caesar (nl)
• Esperanto: Cezaro
• Estonian: Caesar (et)
• Finnish: Caesar
• French: César (fr) m

  Middle French: Cæsar m

• Galician: César (gl) m
• Georgian: კეისარი (ḳeisari)
• German: Cäsar (de), Caesar (de), Zäsar m, Kaiser (de) m
• Greek: Καίσαρας (el) m (Kaísaras)

  Ancient: Καῖσαρ m (Kaîsar)

• Hebrew: קֵיסָר (he) m (keysar)
• Hindi: कैसर (hi) m (kaisar), सीज़र m (sīzar)
• Icelandic: Sesar (is) m
• Ido: Caesar (io)
• Indonesian: Caesar
• Italian: Cesare (it) m
• Japanese: カエサル (Kaesaru), シーザー (Shīzā)
• Kazakh: Цезарь (Sezar)
• Khmer: សេសារ (seesaa)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Korean: 카이사르 (Kaisareu), 시저 (Sijeo)
• Kyrgyz: Цезарь (Tsezar)
• Latin: Caesar m
• Latvian: Cēzars m
• Lithuanian: Cezaris m
• Macedonian: Це́зар m (Cézar)
• Malay: Caesar
• Marathi: सीजर m (sījar)
• Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭩𐭮𐭫 (kēsar)
• Mongolian: Цезарь (Cezarʹ)
• Navajo: Síízar
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: Cæsar m

• Oriya: ସିଜର (sijara)
• Persian: قیصر (fa) (qaysar), سزار (fa) (sezâr)
• Polish: Cezar (pl)
• Portuguese: César (pt) m
• Romanian: Cezar (ro)
• Russian: Це́зарь (ru) m (Cézarʹ), Ке́сарь (ru) m (Késarʹ) (obsolete)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Цезар m

  Roman: Cezar m

• Slovak: Caesar m
• Slovene: Cezar (sl) m
• Spanish: César (es) m
• Swedish: Caesar (sv)
• Tajik: Сезар (Sezar)
• Thai: ซีซาร์ (sii-saa)
• Turkish: Sezar
• Ukrainian: Це́зар m (Cézar)
• Urdu: کیسر m (kaisar), سیزر m (sīzar)
• Uyghur: كايسار (kaysar)
• Uzbek: Sezar

Noun

Caesar (plural Caesars)

1. A title of Roman emperors.
2. An absolute ruler; an autocrat.
3. Abbreviation of Caesar salad.
4. (Canada) Abbreviation of Bloody Caesar. (cocktail)
5. (medicine, colloquial) Short for Caesarean section.

Translations

a title of Roman emperors

• Afrikaans: keiser (af), keisers pl
• Arabic: قَيْصَر m (qayṣar)
• Czech: cézar m, Caesar (cs) m, césar m
• Danish: cæsar c
• Dutch: caesar (nl) m
• Faroese: keisari m
• Finnish: Caesar
• Galician: césar (gl) m
• Greek: καίσαρας (el) m (kaísaras)

  Ancient: Καῖσαρ m (Kaîsar)

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hindi: कयसर m (kaysar)
• Icelandic: keisari (is) m
• Ido: cezaro (io)
• Indonesian: kaisar (id)
• Kazakh: Цезарь (Sezar)
• Malayalam: കൈസർ (kaisaṟ)
• Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭩𐭮𐭫 (kēsar)
• Parthian: 𐭊𐭉𐭎𐭓 (kēsar)
• Persian: سزار (fa) (sezâr)
• Polish: cezar m
• Portuguese: césar (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਕੈਸਰ (kaisar)
• Russian: це́зарь (ru) m (cézarʹ), ке́сарь (ru) m (késarʹ) (obsolete)
• Tamil: சீசர் (cīcar)

Derived terms

• Caesarism
• Caesarship

Anagrams

• Ceasar, acrase, araces, arecas, resaca, sacrae

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Czech

Proper noun

1. Caesar (ancient Roman family name)

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sɛːzaʁ] (standard; used naturally in western Germany and Switzerland)
• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡seːzaʁ] (overall more common; particularly northern and eastern regions)
• Hyphenation: Cae‧sar

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

Caesar m (genitive Caesaren, plural Caesaren)

1. Alternative spelling of Cäsar

Further reading

• “Caesar” in Duden online

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Latin

Etymology

Unknown. Etymology was subject to many interpretations in antiquity, all of which remain doubtful. Among these are:

• From the Punic word for “elephant”. This etymology was endorsed by Julius Caesar himself, thereby following the claims of his family that they inherited the cognomen from an ancestor, who had received the name after killing an elephant, possibly during the first Punic war.
• From the phrase a caesiis oculis ("because of the blue eyes"): Caesar's eyes were black, but since the despotic dictator Sulla had had blue eyes, this interpretation might have been created as part of the anti-Caesarian propaganda in order to present Caesar as a tyrant.
• From the phrase a caesariē ("because of the hair"): Since Caesar was balding, this interpretation might have been part of the anti-Caesarian mockery.
• From the phrase a caeso matris utero ("born by Caesarean section"): In theory this might go back to an unknown Julian ancestor who was born in this way. On the other hand, it could also have been part of the anti-Caesarian propaganda.
• From the verb caedō (“to cut”), in the argument of the Julians for receiving a sodality of the Lupercalia. The praenomen Kaeso (or Caeso) was best known from the Quinctii and the Fabii, possibly derived from their ritual duty of striking with the goat-skin at the luperci Quinctiales and the luperci Fabiani.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkae̯.sar/, [ˈkäe̯s̠är]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃe.sar/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːs̬är]

• Audio (Classical):

  (file)

Proper noun

Caesar m (genitive Caesaris); third declension

1. a Roman cognomen of the gens Iulia, notably that of Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Caesar	Caesarēs
Genitive	Caesaris	Caesarum
Dative	Caesarī	Caesaribus
Accusative	Caesarem	Caesarēs
Ablative	Caesare	Caesaribus
Vocative	Caesar	Caesarēs

Descendants

• → Ancient Greek: Καῖσαρ (Kaîsar) (see there for further descendants)
• → Albanian: Çezar
• → Arabic: قَيْصَر (qayṣar), قَيَاصِرَة pl (qayāṣira)
  • → Persian: قیصر (qeysar), قیاصره pl (qayâsere)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: فیصر (kayser), قیاصره pl (kayâsıra)
    • → Urdu: قیصر (qaisar)
• → Aramaic:

  Hebrew script: קיסר (qaysar, qēsar)

  Syriac script: ܩܝܣܪ (qaysar, qēsar)

• → English: Caesar
• → French: César
• → Italian: Cesare
• → Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭩𐭮𐭫𐭩 (kēsar)
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: Cesar
  • Galician: César
  • Portuguese: César
• → Old Occitan::
  • Catalan: Cèsar
  • Occitan: Cesar
• → Parthian: 𐭊𐭉𐭎𐭓 (kēsar)
• → Proto-Germanic: *kaisaraz (see there for further descendants)
  • → Proto-Slavic: *cěsařь (see there for further descendants)
• → Romanian: Cezar
• → Russian: Це́зарь (Cézarʹ)
• → Sogdian: [script needed] (kysr), ܩܝܣܪ (kēsar)
• → Spanish: César
• → Welsh: Cesar

References

• “Caesar”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Caesar in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Caesar in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016