Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tréyes

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Numeral

cardinal number

3	Previous:	*dwóh₁
	Next:	*kʷetwóres

*tréyes

1. three

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*tréyes	*tisres
genitive	*tr̥yóHom	*tisróHom
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*tréyes
vocative	—	—	*tréyes
accusative	—	—	*tríms
genitive	—	—	*tr̥yóHom
ablative	—	—	*trimós
dative	—	—	*trimós
locative	—	—	*trisú
instrumental	—	—	*trimís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*tisres
vocative	—	—	*tisres
accusative	—	—	*tisrm̥s
genitive	—	—	*tisróHom
ablative	—	—	*tisr̥mós
dative	—	—	*tisr̥mós
locative	—	—	*tisr̥sú
instrumental	—	—	*tisr̥mís
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*tríh₂
vocative	—	—	*tríh₂
accusative	—	—	*tríh₂
genitive	—	—	*tr̥yóHom
ablative	—	—	*trimós
dative	—	—	*trimós
locative	—	—	*trisú
instrumental	—	—	*trimís

Derived terms

• *tri- (compounds)

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *treje
  • Albanian: tre, tri
• Proto-Anatolian: *trḗs
  • Hittite: [script needed] (tri-), [script needed] (teri-janna-, “the third time”)
  • Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊁𐊆 (trei)
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: երեք (erekʻ)
    • Armenian: երեք (erekʻ)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tríjes
  • Latvian: trīs
  • Lithuanian: trỹs
  • Latgalian: treis, treji
  • Proto-Slavic: *trьje (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *trīs (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *þrīz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *tréyes
  • Ancient Greek: τρεῖς (treîs)
    • Greek: τρεις (treis)
  • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀴𐀪 (ti-ri)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tráyas (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *trēs (see there for further descendants)
• Messapic: [script needed] (tri-)
• Phrygian: θρί- (tʰrí-)
• Proto-Tocharian:
  • Tocharian A: tre
  • Tocharian B: trai, trey