abutor

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó

Proto-Italic *ap

Latin abder.

Latin ab-

Latin ūtor

Latin abūtor

From ab- (“from, away from”) + ūtor (“use, spend; manage, control”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [aˈbuː.tɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [aˈbuː.tor]

Verb

abūtor (present infinitive abūtī, perfect active abūsus sum); third conjugation, deponent

1. to use up, exhaust, consume entirely

   Synonyms: hauriō, exhauriō, cōnsūmō, absūmō, accīdō, effundo, atterō, conterō, adedō, dēterō, terō, utor, eneco, perago

2. to waste, squander

   Synonyms: conterō, perdō, cōnsūmō, dissipō, effundō

3. to misuse, abuse; use improperly. (+ ablative)
   • Cicero, in Catilinam:

     quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra?

     When, O Catiline, do you mean to cease abusing our patience?

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.5:

     Alia interim crūdēlia, inhūmāna praetereō, quod nē tamquam hominibus quidem, sed tamquam iūmentīs abūtimur.

     Meanwhile, other cruel, inhuman [treatments of slaves] I omit, because not even as [would be appropriate] for humans, but as [if they were] beasts of burden we abuse [them].

Conjugation

   Conjugation of abūtor (third conjugation, deponent)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	abūtor		abūteris, abūtere		abūtitur		abūtimur		abūtiminī		abūtuntur
	imperfect	abūtēbar		abūtēbāris, abūtēbāre		abūtēbātur		abūtēbāmur		abūtēbāminī		abūtēbantur
	future	abūtar		abūtēris, abūtēre		abūtētur		abūtēmur		abūtēminī		abūtentur
	perfect	abūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	abūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	abūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	abūtar		abūtāris, abūtāre		abūtātur		abūtāmur		abūtāminī		abūtantur
	imperfect	abūterer		abūterēris, abūterēre		abūterētur		abūterēmur		abūterēminī		abūterentur
	perfect	abūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	abūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		abūtere		—		—		abūtiminī		—
	future	—		abūtitor		abūtitor		—		—		abūtuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		abūtī			—			abūtēns			—
future		abūsūrum esse			—			abūsūrus			abūtendus, abūtundus
perfect		abūsum esse			—			abūsus			—
future perfect		abūsum fore			—			—			—
perfect potential		abūsūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		abūtendī		abūtendō		abūtendum		abūtendō		abūsum		abūsū

Derived terms

• abūsiō
• abūsīvē
• abūsus
• abūsīvus

Descendants

• → Albanian: abuzoj
• → Catalan: abús
• → English: abuse
• → Galician: abuso
• → Italian: abuso
• → Maltese: abbuż
• → Old French: abus
  • French: abus, abuser
  • Norman: abuser, abûther
  • → Middle English: abusen
    • English: abuse
    • Scots: abuise
• → Portuguese: abuso
• → Romanian: abuz
• → Spanish: abuso
  • → Hiligaynon: abuso
  • → Tagalog: abuso

References

• “abutor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “abutor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “abutor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti