perdo

See also: perdó

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpɛr.du]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈpɛr.do]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈpɛɾ.ðo]

Verb

perdo

1. first-person singular present indicative of perdre

Esperanto

Etymology

perdi +‎ -o

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

perdo (accusative singular perdon, plural perdoj, accusative plural perdojn)

1. loss

Galician

Verb

perdo

1. first-person singular present indicative of perder

Italian

Verb

perdo

1. first-person singular present indicative of perdere

Anagrams

• predo, predò, prode

Latin

Etymology

From per- (“through”) +‎ -dō (“put”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈper.doː/, [ˈpɛrd̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈper.do/, [ˈpɛrd̪o]

Verb

perdō (present infinitive perdere, perfect active perdidī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem (Classical)
perdō (present infinitive perdere, perfect active perdidī, supine perditum); third conjugation (post-Classical)

1. to destroy, ruin, wreck

   Synonyms: dēstruō, ruīnō, occīdō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, tollō, dīruō, aboleō, exscindō, accīdō, populor, interimō, impellō, sepeliō, absūmō, perimō, trucīdō

   Antonyms: ēmendō, reficiō, reparō, corrigō, medeor

2. to waste, squander

   Synonyms: abūtor, conterō, cōnsūmō, dissipō, effundō

   • Suetonius writing of Titus

     Atque etiam recordatus quondam super cenam, quod nihil cuiquam toto die praestitisset, memorabilem illam meritoque laudatam vocem edidit: "Amici, diem perdidi".

     One evening at dinner, realizing that he had done nobody any favour throughout the entire day, he spoke these memorable words: "Friends, I have wasted a day".

   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.2.13:

     verba miser frūstrā nōn prōficientia perdō.

     Wretched [as I am], vainly I waste words, making no progress.

3. to have no more, to be deprived of

   Synonyms: dēsum, egeō, indigeō, careō, dēlinquō, dēficiō, cessō

   Antonyms: flōreō, abundō, affluō, niteō

4. to lose utterly, suffer loss

   Synonym: āmittō

Usage notes

• Speakers of Classical Latin typically avoided the passive forms of this verb, using pereō instead.

Conjugation

• Classical Latin conjugation, without passive forms (note the alternative present subjunctive, especially common in Plautus):

Conjugation of perdō (third conjugation, no supine stem, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdō	perdis	perdit	perdimus	perditis	perdunt
	imperfect	perdēbam	perdēbās	perdēbat	perdēbāmus	perdēbātis	perdēbant
	future	perdam	perdēs	perdet	perdēmus	perdētis	perdent
	perfect	perdidī	perdidistī	perdidit	perdidimus	perdidistis	perdidērunt, perdidēre
	pluperfect	perdideram	perdiderās	perdiderat	perdiderāmus	perdiderātis	perdiderant
	future perfect	perdiderō	perdideris	perdiderit	perdiderimus	perdideritis	perdiderint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdam, perduim	perdās, perduīs	perdat, perduit	perdāmus	perdātis	perdant, perduint
	imperfect	perderem	perderēs	perderet	perderēmus	perderētis	perderent
	perfect	perdiderim	perdiderīs	perdiderit	perdiderīmus	perdiderītis	perdiderint
	pluperfect	perdidissem	perdidissēs	perdidisset	perdidissēmus	perdidissētis	perdidissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	perde	—	—	perdite	—
	future	—	perditō	perditō	—	perditōte	perduntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		perdere	perdidisse	—	—	—	—
participles		perdēns	—	—	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		perdendī	perdendō	perdendum	perdendō	—	—

• Complete conjugation, in later Latin:

Conjugation of perdō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdō	perdis	perdit	perdimus	perditis	perdunt
	imperfect	perdēbam	perdēbās	perdēbat	perdēbāmus	perdēbātis	perdēbant
	future	perdam	perdēs	perdet	perdēmus	perdētis	perdent
	perfect	perdidī	perdidistī	perdidit	perdidimus	perdidistis	perdidērunt, perdidēre
	pluperfect	perdideram	perdiderās	perdiderat	perdiderāmus	perdiderātis	perdiderant
	future perfect	perdiderō	perdideris	perdiderit	perdiderimus	perdideritis	perdiderint
passive	present	perdor	perderis, perdere	perditur	perdimur	perdiminī	perduntur
	imperfect	perdēbar	perdēbāris, perdēbāre	perdēbātur	perdēbāmur	perdēbāminī	perdēbantur
	future	perdar	perdēris, perdēre	perdētur	perdēmur	perdēminī	perdentur
	perfect	perditus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	perditus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	perditus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdam	perdās	perdat	perdāmus	perdātis	perdant
	imperfect	perderem	perderēs	perderet	perderēmus	perderētis	perderent
	perfect	perdiderim	perdiderīs	perdiderit	perdiderīmus	perdiderītis	perdiderint
	pluperfect	perdidissem	perdidissēs	perdidisset	perdidissēmus	perdidissētis	perdidissent
passive	present	perdar	perdāris, perdāre	perdātur	perdāmur	perdāminī	perdantur
	imperfect	perderer	perderēris, perderēre	perderētur	perderēmur	perderēminī	perderentur
	perfect	perditus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	perditus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	perde	—	—	perdite	—
	future	—	perditō	perditō	—	perditōte	perduntō
passive	present	—	perdere	—	—	perdiminī	—
	future	—	perditor	perditor	—	—	perduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		perdere	perdidisse	perditūrum esse	perdī	perditum esse	perditum īrī
participles		perdēns	—	perditūrus	—	perditus	perdendus, perdundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		perdendī	perdendō	perdendum	perdendō	perditum	perditū

Coordinate terms

• pereō

Derived terms

• experdō
• dēperdō
• disperdō
• perditē
• perditiō
• perditor
• perditus
• reperdō

Descendants

• Aragonese: perder
• Aromanian: cherdu, chiardiri
• Asturian: perder
• Catalan: perdre
• Corsican: perde, perda
• Dalmatian: piardro
• English: perdition
• Extremaduran: perdel
• Franco-Provençal: pèrdre
• French: perdre
• Friulian: pierdi
• Galician: perder
• Gallurese: paldì
• Istro-Romanian: pľerde
• Italian: perdere
• Ladin: perde, perder
• Leonese: perdere
• Ligurian: pèrde
• Middle French: perdre
• Mirandese: perder
• Navarro-Aragonese: perder
• Norman: perde (Guernsey), pèrdre (Jersey)
• Occitan: pèrder, pèrdre
• Old French: perdre
• Old Galician-Portuguese: perder
• Old Spanish: perder
• Picard: perde
• Piedmontese: perde
• Portuguese: perder
• Romanian: pierde, pierdere
• Romansch: perder, piarder, pearder
• Sardinian: peldere, peldiri, perdere, perdiri
• Sassarese: pirdhì
• Sicilian: pèrdiri
• Spanish: perder
• Venetan: pèrdar
• Walloon: piede

References

• “perdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “perdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• perdo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• perdo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • amongst such moral depravity: tam perditis or corruptis moribus
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
    
  • (ambiguous) to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose one's labour: operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose hope: spem perdere
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose one's case: causam or litem amittere, perdere