-do

See also: Appendix:Variations of "do"

Japanese

Romanization

-do

1. Rōmaji transcription of ど

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic suffix *datos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-tó-s. Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“put; do”). The regular outcomes of *dʰ in Latin are /f/ word-initially (cf. fūmus) and /d/ word-medially (cf. fīdō).

The derivatives of -dō are not always easy to distinguish from those of dō (“give”) < *deh₃-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /doː/, [d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /do/, [d̪o]

Verb

-dō (present infinitive -dere, perfect active -didī, supine -ditum); third conjugation

1. to put

Conjugation

Conjugation of -dō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-dō	-dis	-dit	-dimus	-ditis	-dunt
	imperfect	-dēbam	-dēbās	-dēbat	-dēbāmus	-dēbātis	-dēbant
	future	-dam	-dēs	-det	-dēmus	-dētis	-dent
	perfect	-didī	-didistī	-didit	-didimus	-didistis	-didērunt, -didēre
	pluperfect	-dideram	-diderās	-diderat	-diderāmus	-diderātis	-diderant
	future perfect	-diderō	-dideris	-diderit	-diderimus	-dideritis	-diderint
	sigmatic future1	-ō	-is	-it	-imus	-itis	-int
passive	present	-dor	-deris, -dere	-ditur	-dimur	-diminī	-duntur
	imperfect	-dēbar	-dēbāris, -dēbāre	-dēbātur	-dēbāmur	-dēbāminī	-dēbantur
	future	-dar	-dēris, -dēre	-dētur	-dēmur	-dēminī	-dentur
	perfect	-ditus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-ditus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-ditus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future1	-or	-eris	-itur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-dam	-dās	-dat	-dāmus	-dātis	-dant
	imperfect	-derem	-derēs	-deret	-derēmus	-derētis	-derent
	perfect	-diderim	-diderīs	-diderit	-diderīmus	-diderītis	-diderint
	pluperfect	-didissem	-didissēs	-didisset	-didissēmus	-didissētis	-didissent
	sigmatic aorist1	-im	-īs	-īt	-īmus	-ītis	-int
passive	present	-dar	-dāris, -dāre	-dātur	-dāmur	-dāminī	-dantur
	imperfect	-derer	-derēris, -derēre	-derētur	-derēmur	-derēminī	-derentur
	perfect	-ditus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-ditus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-de	—	—	-dite	—
	future	—	-ditō	-ditō	—	-ditōte	-duntō
passive	present	—	-dere	—	—	-diminī	—
	future	—	-ditor	-ditor	—	—	-duntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-dere	-didisse	-ditūrum esse	-dī	-ditum esse	-ditum īrī
participles		-dēns	—	-ditūrus	—	-ditus	-dendus, -dundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		-dendī	-dendō	-dendum	-dendō	-ditum	-ditū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

• abdō
• addō
• condō
• indō
• obdō
• perdō
• subdō

 

Related terms

• crēdō
• faciō
• -fex
• sacerdōs
• suēscō

 

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175

Macanese

Etymology

From Portuguese -ado and -ido.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du/, (rare) /do/

Suffix

-do

1. participle-forming suffix

   ‎durmí (“to sleep”) + ‎-do → ‎durmido (“asleep”)

   ‎vangueâ (“to faint”) + ‎-do → ‎vangueado (“fainted”)

   ‎estricâ (“to iron”) + ‎-do → ‎estricado (“ironed”)

2. adjective-forming suffix

   ‎cholê (“to touch someone to get their attention”) + ‎-do → ‎cholido (“nosy, interfering”)

Usage notes

• In writing, the accent on the last vowel of the verb is removed, although the syllable stress remains the same.
• Past participles are often used with ficâ (“to become”).
• Verbs ending in -ê are usually transformed into -ido rather than -edo, consistent with Portuguese participle formation.

Derived terms

Macanese terms suffixed with -do

Murui Huitoto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-dɔ]
• Hyphenation: do

Etymology 1

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -do and Nüpode Huitoto -do.

Classifier

-do

1. Classifier for pointy objects.

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -do

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-do

1. second-person singular affirmative nonfuture indicative of -de

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[1], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 76