pereo

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peˈreo/

• Audio 1:

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• Audio 2:

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• Rhymes: -eo
• Syllabification: pe‧re‧o

Noun

pereo (accusative singular pereon, plural pereoj, accusative plural pereojn)

1. demise, perdition
2. accident
3. shipwreck

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.

Proto-Italic *peri-

Latin per-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti

Proto-Italic *ejō

Proto-Italic *eō

Latin eō

Latin pereō

From per- (“through”) + eō (“go”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpɛ.re.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpɛː.re.o]

Verb

pereō (present infinitive perīre, perfect active periī or perīvī, supine peritum); irregular conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to perish, pass away, die, be ruined

   Synonyms: morior, dēcēdō, exspīrō, dēficiō, occidō, dēfungor, occumbō, excēdō, discēdō, intereō, cadō, obeō, perdor

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 5.267–268:

     ‘flōrē semel laesō pereunt viciaecque fabaeque,
     et pereunt lentēs, advena Nīle, tuae.’

     “Once the blossom has been damaged, the vetches and the beans perish, and your lentils perish, oh foreign [River] Nile.”
     (The poetic voice is that of Flora (mythology).)

2. to vanish, disappear, come to nothing

   Synonyms: cedō, discedō, decēdō, concēdō, excēdō, intereō

   Antonyms: crescō, exorior, orior, coorior, oborior, appāreō, pāreō, ēmergō, procedō

3. to leak; to be absorbed
4. to pine away with love

Usage notes

This verb served as the original passive of perdere ("to destroy," "to ruin," "to waste," "to lose").

Conjugation

Irregular, like eō (“go”), which it compounds. The perfect is usually contracted to periī, but occasionally appears as perīvī.

   Conjugation of pereō (irregular conjugation, impersonal in the passive)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pereō		perīs		perit		perīmus		perītis		pereunt
	imperfect	perībam		perībās		perībat		perībāmus		perībātis		perībant
	future	perībō		perībis		perībit		perībimus		perībitis		perībunt
	perfect	periī, perīvī		perīstī, periistī, perīvistī		periit, perīvit		periimus, perīvimus		perīstis, periistis, perīvistis		periērunt, periēre, perīvērunt, perīvēre
	pluperfect	perieram, perīveram		perierās, perīverās		perierat, perīverat		perierāmus, perīverāmus		perierātis, perīverātis		perierant, perīverant
	future perfect	perierō, perīverō		perieris, perīveris		perierit, perīverit		perierimus, perīverimus		perieritis, perīveritis		perierint, perīverint
passive	present	—		—		perītur		—		—		—
	imperfect	—		—		perībātur		—		—		—
	future	—		—		perībitur		—		—		—
	perfect	—		—		peritum est		—		—		—
	pluperfect	—		—		peritum erat		—		—		—
	future perfect	—		—		peritum erit		—		—		—
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	peream		pereās		pereat		pereāmus		pereātis		pereant
	imperfect	perīrem		perīrēs		perīret		perīrēmus		perīrētis		perīrent
	perfect	perierim, perīverim		perierīs, perīverīs		perierit, perīverit		perierīmus, perīverīmus		perierītis, perīverītis		perierint, perīverint
	pluperfect	perīssem, periissem, perīvissem		perīssēs, periissēs, perīvissēs		perīsset, periisset, perīvisset		perīssēmus, periissēmus, perīvissēmus		perīssētis, periissētis, perīvissētis		perīssent, periissent, perīvissent
passive	present	—		—		pereātur		—		—		—
	imperfect	—		—		perīrētur		—		—		—
	perfect	—		—		peritum sit		—		—		—
	pluperfect	—		—		peritum esset		—		—		—
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		perī		—		—		perīte		—
	future	—		perītō		perītō		—		perītōte		pereuntō
passive	future	—		—		perītor		—		—		—
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		perīre			perīrī			periēns			—
future		peritūrum esse			peritum īrī			peritūrus			pereundum
perfect		perīsse, periisse, perīvisse			peritum esse			—			peritum
future perfect		—			peritum fore			—			—
perfect potential		peritūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pereundī		pereundō		pereundum		pereundō		peritum		peritū

Coordinate terms

• perdō

Derived terms

• compereō
• dēpereō
• dispereō
• perītiō

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: chiriri
  • Romanian: pieri
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: perire
  • Neapolitan: perí
  • Sicilian: piriri
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: perî
  • Romansh: perir, prir
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: pèrir
  • Old French: perir (see there for further descendants)
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: perir
  • Occitan: perir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: perir, ⇒ perecer
    • Galician: perecer
    • Portuguese: perecer
  • Old Spanish: perir, ⇒ peresçer
    • Spanish: perecer
  • → Basque: peritu
• Borrowings:
  • → Esperanto: perei
  • → Ido: perisar

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “perīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 8: Patavia–Pix, page 247

Further reading

• “pereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pereo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to die of starvation: fame confici, perire, interire
    
  • to die a natural death: morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi
    
  • I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    
  • the book has been lost: liber intercidit, periit
    
  • they perished to a man: ad unum omnes perierunt