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morior

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *morjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz, Proto-Celtic *marwos, Lithuanian mirti (“death”), Sanskrit मृत्यु (mṛtyú, “death”), Proto-Slavic *merti. Related to mors (“death”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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morior (present infinitive morī or morīrī, perfect active mortuus sum); third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent, no passive

  1. to die, be slain, fall (in battle), perish
    Synonyms: pereō, occumbō, dēfungor, exspīrō, intereō, dēcēdō, cadō, occidō, excēdō, discēdō, dēficiō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:
      “Moriēmur inultae / sed moriāmur”
      “We will die unavenged, but let us die.”
      (Dido here speaks of herself using the royal we or majestic we, which some translations honor, and others alter to first-person singular: “I shall die…”.)
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.2.13:
      Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.
      Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.
  2. to decay, wither

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of morior (third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent, no passive)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present morior moreris,
morīris,
morere,
morīre 		morī̆tur morī̆mur morī̆minī moriuntur
imperfect moriēbar moriēbāris,
moriēbāre 		moriēbātur moriēbāmur moriēbāminī moriēbantur
future moriar moriēris,
moriēre 		moriētur moriēmur moriēminī morientur
perfect mortuus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect mortuus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect mortuus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present moriar moriāris,
moriāre 		moriātur moriāmur moriāminī moriantur
imperfect morerer,
morīrer 		morerēris,
morīrēris,
morerēre,
morīrēre 		morerētur,
morīrētur 		morerēmur,
morīrēmur 		morerēminī,
morīrēminī 		morerentur,
morīrentur
perfect mortuus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect mortuus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — morere,
morīre 		— — morī̆minī —
future — morī̆tor morī̆tor — — moriuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present morī,
morīrī 		— moriēns —
future moritūrum esse — moritūrus —
perfect mortuum esse — mortuus —
future perfect mortuum fore — — —
perfect potential moritūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
moriendī moriendō moriendum moriendō mortuum mortuū

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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(Several descendants reflect a fourth-conjugation variant (morior, morīrī) attested in Plautus, Ennius, and Ovid.)[1]

References

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  1. ^ Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1985), “morir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎[1] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 149

Further reading

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  • “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “morior”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori
    • (ambiguous) to starve oneself to death: inediā mori or vitam finire
    • (ambiguous) to die a natural death: necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori
    • (ambiguous) to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
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