orior

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *oriōr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi), Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɔ.ri.ɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɔː.ri.or]

Verb

orior (present infinitive orī or orīrī, perfect active ortus sum); third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent

1. to rise, get up

   Synonyms: coorior, exorior, oborior, surgō, ēmergō, assurgō

   Antonyms: cadō, concēdō, decēdō, cēdō, intereō, discēdō, excēdō, occidō, pereō

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.729–730:

     Iam tua, Lāomedōn, oritur nurus ortaque noctem pellit

     Now, Laomedon, your daughter-in-law is rising, and having risen, she dispels the night
     (That is to say, the goddess of dawn, the Greek Eos or Roman Aurora; her fabled consorts included Tithonus, son of Laomedon of Troy. See also “ortus”, the perfect active participle of the deponent verb “orior”.)

2. to appear, arise, become visible

   Synonyms: appāreō, pāreō

   • c. 310 CE – c. 394 CE, Ausonius, Personal Poems 5.45–46:

     post me dignatur oriri Augustus consul

     Augustus deigns to appear as consul after me

3. to be born, come to exist, originate

   Synonym: nāscor

   Antonym: morior

   • 165 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Hecyra 223–224:

     at vide quam immerito aegritudo haec oritur mi abs te, Sostrata.

     Moreover, see how undeservedly I suffer this grief on your account, Sostrata

     (literally, “Moreover, see how undeservedly this suffering comes to exist for me from you, Sostrata”)

   • 54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 6.25:

     necesse est a principio oriri omnia

     Everything must originate from a first cause

Usage notes

• The gerund is almost exclusively oriundus, with oriendus as a collateral form.
• Part of a small group of verbs, all with a short-vowel root, displaying both 3rd and 4th conjugation forms. See also potior (“to be master over”), pariō (“to beget”), and morior (“to die”).

Conjugation

   Conjugation of orior (third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	orior		oreris, orīris, orere, orīre		orī̆tur		orī̆mur		orī̆minī		oriuntur
	imperfect	oriēbar		oriēbāris, oriēbāre		oriēbātur		oriēbāmur		oriēbāminī		oriēbantur
	future	oriar		oriēris, oriēre		oriētur		oriēmur		oriēminī		orientur
	perfect	ortus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	ortus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	ortus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	oriar		oriāris, oriāre		oriātur		oriāmur		oriāminī		oriantur
	imperfect	orerer, orīrer		orerēris, orīrēris, orerēre, orīrēre		orerētur, orīrētur		orerēmur, orīrēmur		orerēminī, orīrēminī		orerentur, orīrentur
	perfect	ortus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	ortus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		orere, orīre		—		—		orī̆minī		—
	future	—		orī̆tor		orī̆tor		—		—		oriuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		orī, orīrī			—			oriēns			—
future		oritūrum esse			—			oritūrus			oriundus, oriendus
perfect		ortum esse			—			ortus			—
future perfect		ortum fore			—			—			—
perfect potential		oritūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		oriundī, oriendī		oriundō, oriendō		oriundum, oriendum		oriundō, oriendō		ortum		ortū

Derived terms

• aborior
• adorior
• coorior
• exorior
• oborior
• oriēns
• orīgō
• oriundus
• ortus

Descendants

• Italian: orire
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *oricāre
  • Romanian: urca
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *ortiāre
  • Italian: orzare
    • → Portuguese: orçar

References

• “orior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “orior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “orior”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the Rhine rises in the Alps: Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus
    
  • the sun rises, sets: sol oritur, occidit
    
  • to begin with a long syllable: oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236)
    
  • war breaks out: bellum oritur, exardescit
    
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326