peri

See also: Appendix:Variations of "peri"

English

WOTD – 12 November 2013, 12 November 2014

Alternative forms

• pari (directly from Persian)

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پری (peri), from Persian پری (pari).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɪə.ɹi/

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (UK) -ɪəɹi

Noun

peri (plural peris)

1. (Iranian mythology) A sprite or supernatural being.
   • January-June 1829, “The Adventures of Hatim-Beni-Tye”, in The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies‎^[2], volume 27, page 549:

     He sent a Peri to Chundum Dew with a message: "If you wish to live, release the mortal in your power: if not, every demon in your service will immediately be put to the sword."

   • March 16 1916, Alfred Richard Orage, Arthur Moore, The New Age: A Weekly Review of Politics, Literature and Art, page 473:

     In an hour they hovered above Hampstead Heath, and the peri looked down for a lonely spot where she might alight in the sulphurous gloom of a dog-day sunset too blinding for anyone to look at […]

   • 2008, A Fire in My Heart: Kurdish Tales, page 75:

     The Padishah's son was also there, and he realized that the peri looked very familiar.

Synonyms

• (sprite): fairy, pixie, sprite

Translations

sprite in Persian mythology

• Armenian: փերի (hy) (pʻeri)
• Azerbaijani: pəri
• French: péri (fr)
• German: Peri
• Hindi: परी (hi) f (parī)
• Kazakh: пері (perı)
• Kumyk: пери (peri)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: perî (ku)

• Kyrgyz: пери (ky) (peri)
• Marathi: परी (mr) f (parī)
• Nepali: परी (ne) (parī)
• Persian: پری (fa) (pari)
• Punjabi: ਪਰੀ f (parī)
• Russian: пери (ru) (peri)
• Spanish: peri
• Swedish: peri
• Tajik: парӣ (tg) (pari)
• Turkish: peri (tr)
• Urdu: پری f (parī)
• Uzbek: pari (uz)

See also

• peri-peri

Anagrams

• pier, prie, ripe

Albanian

Noun

peri

1. inflection of pe:
   1. definite nominative singular
   2. indefinite dative/ablative singular

'Are'are

Verb

peri

1. to thieve

References

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

Basque

Noun

peri

1. dative indefinite of pe

Finnish

Verb

peri

1. inflection of periä:
   1. third-person singular past indicative
   2. present active indicative connegative
   3. second-person singular present imperative
   4. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• repi, ripe

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pəˈri]
• Hyphenation: pê‧ri

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.

• The word sense is related to Sanskrit परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”)

Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)

1. about, concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect

   Synonyms: hal, sifat, keadaan

2. conduct

   Synonym: laku

3. event

   Synonyms: kejadian, peristiwa

Derived terms

• peri kehidupan
• peri kemanusiaan
• peri kesopanan

Related terms

• peri-
• perilaku
• pribumi

Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)

1. (archaic) word

   Synonym: kata

Derived terms

• berperi
• memerikan
• pemerian
• perian
• terperikan

Related terms

• peribahasa

Etymology 2

From Persian پری (pari, “fairy”), from Middle Persian plyk' (parīg, “witch”).

Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)

1. fairy

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “abundantly, fully”).

Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)

1. heavy rain

Further reading

• “peri”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Noun

peri

1. plural of pero

Anagrams

• iper-, ripe

Latin

Verb

perī

1. second-person singular active imperative of pereō

Latvian

Peri

Etymology

Singular form pers, cognate with Lithuanian pẽras (“larva”), derived from perēt (“to nest, hatch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pæɾi]

Noun

peri m (1st declension)

1. (chiefly in the plural) bee larvae

   peru puve ― larvae rot (bee larvae disease)

   peru pieniņš ― larvae milk (a secretion of working bees used to feed the larvae)

Usage notes

There is a singular form pers, only sporadically attested.

Declension

Declension of peri (1st)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative	—	peri
genitive	—	peru
dative	—	periem
accusative	—	perus
instrumental	—	periem
locative	—	peros
vocative	—	peri

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pə.ri]
• Rhymes: -ri, -i
• Hyphenation: pe‧ri

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.

• The word sense is related to Sanskrit परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”)

Noun

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, plural peri-peri or peri²)

1. About, concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect.

   Synonyms: hal, sifat, keadaan

2. A conduct.

   Synonym: laku

3. An event.

   Synonyms: kejadian, peristiwa, insiden

Derived terms

• peri kehidupan
• peri kemanusiaan
• peri kesopanan

Related terms

• peri-
• peribumi
• perilaku

Noun

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, plural peri-peri or peri²)

1. (archaic) A word.

   Synonym: kata

Derived terms

• berperi
• berperi-peri
• perikan
• terperi, terperikan

Related terms

• peribahasa

Descendants

• Indonesian: peri

Etymology 2

From Persian پری (pari, “fairy”), from Middle Persian plyk' (parīg, “witch”).

Noun

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, plural peri-peri or peri²)

1. A fairy.

Descendants

• Indonesian: peri

Etymology 3

From English free.

Adjective

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, comparative lebih peri, superlative paling peri)

1. (informal) Not having a price; free.

Further reading

• “peri”, in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu [Malay Literary Reference Centre] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Portuguese

Noun

peri m (plural peris)

1. peri

Romanian

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

peri m pl

1. plural of păr

Serbo-Croatian

Verb

peri (Cyrillic spelling пери)

1. second-person singular imperative of prati

Sranan Tongo

Noun

peri

1. pearl

Tocharian B

Noun

peri m sg

1. debt

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پری (peri), from Persian پری (pari).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peˈɾi/
• Hyphenation: pe‧ri

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

peri (definite accusative periyi, plural periler)

1. fairy, pixie

Declension

Declension of peri

singular plural nominative peri periler definite accusative periyi perileri dative periye perilere locative peride perilerde ablative periden perilerden genitive perinin perilerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular perim perilerim 2nd singular perin perilerin 3rd singular perisi perileri 1st plural perimiz perilerimiz 2nd plural periniz perileriniz 3rd plural perileri perileri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular perimi perilerimi 2nd singular perini perilerini 3rd singular perisini perilerini 1st plural perimizi perilerimizi 2nd plural perinizi perilerinizi 3rd plural perilerini perilerini dative singular plural 1st singular perime perilerime 2nd singular perine perilerine 3rd singular perisine perilerine 1st plural perimize perilerimize 2nd plural perinize perilerinize 3rd plural perilerine perilerine locative singular plural 1st singular perimde perilerimde 2nd singular perinde perilerinde 3rd singular perisinde perilerinde 1st plural perimizde perilerimizde 2nd plural perinizde perilerinizde 3rd plural perilerinde perilerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular perimden perilerimden 2nd singular perinden perilerinden 3rd singular perisinden perilerinden 1st plural perimizden perilerimizden 2nd plural perinizden perilerinizden 3rd plural perilerinden perilerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular perimin perilerimin 2nd singular perinin perilerinin 3rd singular perisinin perilerinin 1st plural perimizin perilerimizin 2nd plural perinizin perilerinizin 3rd plural perilerinin perilerinin Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular periyim perilerim 2nd singular perisin perilersin 3rd singular peri peridir periler perilerdir 1st plural periyiz perileriz 2nd plural perisiniz perilersiniz 3rd plural periler perilerdir

Derived terms

• ilham perisi
• iyilik perisi
• peri gibi
• peri hastalığı
• peri masalı
• peri masası
• peri oyunu
• peri piramidi
• peribacası
• pericik
• perileri bağdaşmak
• perisi hoşlanmamak
• superisi

Further reading

• “peri”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “peri”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “peri”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı

Turkmen

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian پری (pari).

Noun

peri

1. fairy

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷareti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛri/
• Rhymes: -ɛri

Verb

peri (first-person singular present paraf)

1. (transitive) to cause, to induce

   Synonyms: achosi, achlysuro, anwytho

Conjugation

Conjugation of peri (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	paraf	peri	pair, pâr	parwn	perwch, parwch	parant	perir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	parwn	parit	parai	parem	parech	parent	perid
preterite	perais	peraist	parodd	parasom	parasoch	parasant	parwyd
pluperfect	paraswn	parasit	parasai	parasem	parasech	parasent	parasid, paresid
present subjunctive	parwyf	perych	paro	parom	paroch	paront	parer
imperative	—	pâr	pared	parwn	perwch, parwch	parent	parer
verbal noun	peri
verbal adjectives	paredig paradwy

Conjugation of peri (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	para i, paraf i	pari di	parith o/e/hi, pariff e/hi	parwn ni	parwch chi	paran nhw
conditional	parwn i, parswn i	paret ti, parset ti	parai fo/fe/hi, parsai fo/fe/hi	paren ni, parsen ni	parech chi, parsech chi	paren nhw, parsen nhw
preterite	parais i, pares i	paraist ti, parest ti	parodd o/e/hi	paron ni	paroch chi	paron nhw
imperative	—	para	—	—	parwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• peiriant (“machine, engine”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of peri

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
peri	beri	mheri	pheri

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “peri”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies